Gradl G, Bühren A, Simon M, Derntl B, Pape H-C, Knobe M
Klinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
Deutscher Ärztinnenbund/Praxis für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie Murnau a. Staffelsee, Murnau a. Staffelsee, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurg. 2017 Jan;120(1):46-54. doi: 10.1007/s00113-015-0048-1.
Sex parity of medical students has increased to the degree that approximately 50 % of medical students are women. Orthopedic and trauma surgery, however, has not managed to keep up with this trend and women are still grossly underrepresented.
Description of an innovative longitudinal gender-based surgical and clinical skills training course.
An elective 5-day modular skills course is offered for third to fifth year medical students. Module 1 aims at teaching basic surgical and communication skills involving local and regional anesthesia, initial experience with arthroscopy, fracture fixation, emergency measures as well as communication skills training using standardized patients. The subsequent modules cover surgical knowledge and skills of increasing complexity. The main goals are to increase the interest in orthopedic trauma surgery and to reduce concerns regarding discrimination and gender-related issues. Learning outcomes are assessed using a 6-item multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) and a 3-stage objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) regarding induction of anesthesia, arthroscopy simulation and communication skills.
A total of 52 second year medical students (39 females, 13 males) completed module I. There were no differences between men and women with regard to the MCQ and anesthesia and communication skills; however, male students scored significantly higher in the arthroscopy test. All students rated the course as being highly effective in terms of acquisition of knowledge and skills. Almost all participants would recommend the course to fellow students and 70 % of participants stated they would participate in the advanced courses. Female participants in particular reported a marked increase in interest in orthopedic trauma surgery and less concerns regarding discrimination and gender-related issues.
The effectiveness of the approach will have to be proven by further evaluation, especially with respect to assessment of career development and application rates of participants. Adaptation of environmental and working conditions to suit women's needs seem to play an important role in promoting new surgery residents.
医学生的性别比例已有所增加，以至于约50%的医学生为女性。然而，骨科与创伤外科未能跟上这一趋势，女性在该领域的占比仍然极低。
描述一门创新的基于性别的纵向外科与临床技能培训课程。
为三至五年级医学生提供一门为期5天的选修模块化技能课程。模块1旨在教授基本的外科和沟通技能，包括局部和区域麻醉、关节镜检查的初步经验、骨折固定、急救措施以及使用标准化病人进行沟通技能培训。后续模块涵盖日益复杂的外科知识和技能。主要目标是提高对骨科创伤外科的兴趣，并减少对歧视和性别相关问题的担忧。使用一份6项选择题问卷（MCQ）以及关于麻醉诱导、关节镜模拟和沟通技能的三阶段客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）来评估学习成果。
共有52名二年级医学生（39名女性，13名男性）完成了模块1。在MCQ以及麻醉和沟通技能方面，男性和女性之间没有差异；然而，男学生在关节镜检查测试中的得分显著更高。所有学生都认为该课程在知识和技能获取方面非常有效。几乎所有参与者都愿意向同学推荐该课程，70%的参与者表示他们会参加进阶课程。特别是女性参与者报告称，她们对骨科创伤外科的兴趣显著增加，对歧视和性别相关问题的担忧减少。
该方法的有效性必须通过进一步评估来证明，尤其是在评估参与者的职业发展和申请率方面。使环境和工作条件适应女性需求似乎在促进新的外科住院医师方面发挥着重要作用。
