高工作要求、工作压力和等应变是因精神障碍导致病假的风险因素：一项为期5年随访的瑞典前瞻性双胞胎研究。
High Job Demands, Job Strain, and Iso-Strain are Risk Factors for Sick Leave due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Swedish Twin Study With a 5-Year Follow-Up.
作者信息
Mather Lisa, Bergström Gunnar, Blom Victoria, Svedberg Pia
机构信息
From the Division of Insurance Medicine (Ms Mather, and Drs Blom and Svedberg), Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Division of Intervention and Implementation Research (Dr Bergström), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (Dr Bergström), Stockholm County Council; and The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Dr Blom), Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Aug;57(8):858-65. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000504.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether psychosocial work environment and health behaviors are risk factors for sick leave due to mental disorders, and whether familial confounding (genetics and shared environment) explains the associations.
METHODS
Respondents (n = 11,729), given to complete a questionnaire in 2004 to 2006, were followed up approximately 5 years for sick leave spells due to mental disorders, using national registry data. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, and conditional logistic regression for twin pairs discordant for sick leave (cotwin control).
RESULTS
High job demands, job strain, and iso-strain were independent risk factors for sick leave due to mental disorders. Familial factors seem to be of importance in the associations between job support, smoking, a combination of unhealthy behaviors and sick leave.
CONCLUSIONS
Improving the psychosocial work environment may be effective in preventing sick leave due to mental disorders.
目的
探讨社会心理工作环境和健康行为是否为精神障碍所致病假的风险因素，以及家族混杂因素（遗传和共同环境）是否能解释这些关联。
方法
使用国家登记数据，对2004年至2006年填写问卷的11729名受访者进行了约5年的随访，以了解因精神障碍导致的病假情况。采用逻辑回归分析数据，并对病假不一致的双胞胎对（同卵双胞胎对照）进行条件逻辑回归分析。
结果
高工作要求、工作压力和等压是精神障碍所致病假的独立风险因素。家族因素似乎在工作支持、吸烟、不健康行为组合与病假之间的关联中起重要作用。
结论
改善社会心理工作环境可能对预防精神障碍所致病假有效。
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