瑞典私立和公立医疗保健部门护理专业人员的工作需求、工作资源与健康结果——一项前瞻性研究。
Job demands, job resources, and health outcomes among nursing professionals in private and public healthcare sectors in Sweden - a prospective study.
作者信息
Thapa Dip Raj, Stengård Johanna, Ekström-Bergström Anette, Areskoug Josefsson Kristina, Krettek Alexandra, Nyberg Anna
机构信息
Department of Nursing and Reproductive, Perinatal and Sexual Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, PO Box 408, 541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Box 1026, 551 11, Jönköping, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2022 Jun 6;21(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s12912-022-00924-z.
BACKGROUND
Nursing professionals exhibit high prevalence of stress-related health problems. Job demands and job resources are parallel drivers of health and well-being among employees. Better job resources associate with better job satisfaction, job motivation and engagement even when job demands are high. To date, there is limited research which explores the association between job demands, job resources and health outcomes among nursing professionals in the Swedish context. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate Swedish nursing professionals' job demands and job resources in relation to health outcomes, with comparisons between the private and public healthcare sectors. The specific research questions were as follows: (1) Are there differences between private and public healthcare regarding job demands, job resources, and health outcomes? and (2) Are there prospective associations between job demands and job resources in relation to health outcomes?
METHODS
Data were drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) 2016 and 2018, including 520 nurses and 544 assistant nurses working in the private and public healthcare sectors from 2016 (baseline). Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
Nursing professionals reported higher threats, lower bullying, lower control, lower social support, and lower cohesion in the public healthcare units compared to the private healthcare units. The prospective analyses showed that job resources in terms of social support and rewards were associated with higher self-rated health and lower burnout. Cohesion was associated with higher self-rated health. Job demands in terms of psychological demands and job efforts were associated with lower self-rated health, higher burnout, and higher sickness absence, while emotional demands were associated with higher burnout.
CONCLUSIONS
Nursing professionals' job resources are deficient in public healthcare units. Job resources are associated with positive health outcomes, whereas job demands are associated with negative health outcomes, among nursing professionals. Strengthening job resources among nursing professionals in the private and public healthcare sectors can promote and sustain their work-related health.
背景
护理专业人员中与压力相关的健康问题普遍存在。工作需求和工作资源是员工健康和幸福感的并行驱动因素。即使工作需求很高，更好的工作资源也与更高的工作满意度、工作动机和敬业度相关。迄今为止，在瑞典背景下，探索护理专业人员的工作需求、工作资源与健康结果之间关联的研究有限。因此，本研究的目的是调查瑞典护理专业人员的工作需求和工作资源与健康结果的关系，并比较私立和公立医疗部门之间的情况。具体研究问题如下：（1）私立和公立医疗部门在工作需求、工作资源和健康结果方面是否存在差异？（2）工作需求和工作资源与健康结果之间是否存在前瞻性关联？
方法
数据来自2016年和2018年瑞典健康纵向职业调查（SLOSH），包括2016年（基线）在私立和公立医疗部门工作的520名护士和544名助理护士。使用二元逻辑回归分析数据。
结果
与私立医疗单位相比，护理专业人员报告称公立医疗单位的威胁更高，欺凌行为更少，控制感更低，社会支持更少，凝聚力更低。前瞻性分析表明，社会支持和奖励方面的工作资源与更高的自评健康和更低的倦怠感相关。凝聚力与更高的自评健康相关。心理需求和工作努力方面的工作需求与更低的自评健康、更高的倦怠感和更高的病假率相关，而情感需求与更高的倦怠感相关。
结论
公立医疗单位护理专业人员的工作资源不足。在护理专业人员中，工作资源与积极的健康结果相关，而工作需求与消极的健康结果相关。加强私立和公立医疗部门护理专业人员的工作资源可以促进并维持他们与工作相关的健康。
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