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食腐动物对骨骼的典型改变:利用咬痕尺寸识别食腐动物。

Scavenger Species-typical Alteration to Bone: Using Bite Mark Dimensions to Identify Scavengers.

作者信息

Young Alexandria, Stillman Richard, Smith Martin J, Korstjens Amanda H

机构信息

Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Christchurch House, Bournemouth, BH12 5BB, U.K.

出版信息

J Forensic Sci. 2015 Nov;60(6):1426-35. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12839. Epub 2015 Aug 7.

Abstract

Scavenger-induced alteration to bone occurs while scavengers access soft tissue and during the scattering and re-scavenging of skeletal remains. Using bite mark, dimensional data to assist in the more accurate identification of a scavenger can improve interpretations of trauma and enhance search and recovery methods. This study analyzed bite marks produced on both dry and fresh surface deposited remains by wild and captive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Eurasian badger (Meles meles), as well as domestic dog (Canis familiaris). The bite marks produced by foxes were distinguishable from those made by badgers and dogs based on ranges of mean length and breadth of pits. The dimensional data of bite marks produced by badgers and dogs were less discernible. Bone modifications vary due to a variety of factors which must be considered, such as scavenger species-typical scavenging behavior, scavenger species' dentition, condition and deposition of remains, and environmental factors.

摘要

食腐动物啃食软组织以及骨骼残骸散落和再次被啃食的过程中,骨骼会因食腐动物而发生改变。利用咬痕的尺寸数据来更准确地识别食腐动物,有助于更好地解读创伤情况,并改进搜寻和回收方法。本研究分析了野生和圈养的赤狐(赤狐属)、欧亚獾(獾属)以及家犬(犬属)在干燥和新鲜的地表沉积遗骸上留下的咬痕。根据咬痕坑的平均长度和宽度范围,狐狸留下的咬痕与獾和狗留下的咬痕有所不同。獾和狗留下的咬痕尺寸数据较难区分。由于多种因素,骨骼的改变各不相同,这些因素必须加以考虑,比如食腐动物种类、典型的食腐行为、食腐动物的齿列、遗骸的状况和沉积情况以及环境因素。

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