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教育、健康与美国的默认生活方式

Education, Health, and the Default American Lifestyle.

作者信息

Mirowsky John, Ross Catherine E

机构信息

University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA

University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.

出版信息

J Health Soc Behav. 2015 Sep;56(3):297-306. doi: 10.1177/0022146515594814. Epub 2015 Aug 13.

Abstract

Education has a large and increasing impact on health in America. This paper examines one reason why. Education gives individuals the ability to override the default American lifestyle. The default lifestyle has three elements: displacing human energy with mechanical energy, displacing household food production with industrial food production, and displacing health maintenance with medical dependency. Too little physical activity and too much food produce imperceptibly accumulating pathologies. The medical industry looks for products and services that promise to soften the consequences but do not eliminate the underlying pathologies. This "secondary prevention" creates pharmacologic accumulation: prolonging the use of medications, layering them, and accruing their side effects and interactions. Staying healthy depends on recognizing the risks of the default lifestyle. Overriding it requires insight, knowledge, critical analysis, long-range strategic thinking, personal agency, and self-direction. Education develops that ability directly and indirectly, by way of creative work and a sense of controlling one's own life.

摘要

在美国,教育对健康有着巨大且日益增强的影响。本文探讨其中一个原因。教育赋予个人超越美国默认生活方式的能力。默认生活方式有三个要素:用机械能取代人力,用工业化食品生产取代家庭食品生产,以及用对医疗的依赖取代健康维护。过少的体力活动和过多的食物会产生不易察觉但不断累积的病变。医疗行业寻求有望减轻后果但无法消除潜在病变的产品和服务。这种“二级预防”会造成药物累积:延长药物使用时间、叠加用药,并累积药物的副作用和相互作用。保持健康取决于认识到默认生活方式的风险。超越它需要洞察力、知识、批判性分析、长远的战略思维、个人能动性和自我导向。教育通过创造性工作和掌控自己生活的意识,直接或间接地培养这种能力。

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