Nampally Malathi, Rajulu M B Govinda, Gillet Dominique, Suryanarayanan T S, Moerschbacher Bruno B
Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, WWU Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany ; Research and Development Laboratory, Sri Biotech Laboratories India Ltd., Hyderabad 500 034, India.
Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, WWU Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany ; Vivekananda Institute of Tropical Mycology (VINSTROM), Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith, Chennai 600 004, India.
Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:857639. doi: 10.1155/2015/857639. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
Chitin is one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, and its partially de-N-acetylated counterpart, chitosan, is one of the most promising biotechnological resources due to its diversity in structure and function. Recently, chitin and chitosan modifying enzymes (CCMEs) have gained increasing interest as tools to engineer chitosans with specific functions and reliable performance in biotechnological and biomedical applications. In a search for novel CCME, we isolated chitinolytic and chitosanolytic microorganisms from soils with more than ten-years history of chitin and chitosan exposure and screened them for chitinase and chitosanase isoenzymes as well as for their patterns of oligomeric products by incubating their secretomes with chitosan polymers. Of the 60 bacterial strains isolated, only eight were chitinolytic and/or chitosanolytic, while 20 out of 25 fungal isolates were chitinolytic and/or chitosanolytic. The bacterial isolates produced rather similar patterns of chitinolytic and chitosanolytic enzymes, while the fungal isolates produced a much broader range of different isoenzymes. Furthermore, diverse mixtures of oligosaccharides were formed when chitosan polymers were incubated with the secretomes of select fungal species. Our study indicates that soils with a history of chitin and chitosan exposure are a good source of novel CCME for chitosan bioengineering.
几丁质是地球上含量最丰富的生物分子之一，而其部分去N - 乙酰化的对应物壳聚糖，由于其结构和功能的多样性，是最具潜力的生物技术资源之一。最近，几丁质和壳聚糖修饰酶（CCMEs）作为在生物技术和生物医学应用中设计具有特定功能和可靠性能的壳聚糖的工具，受到了越来越多的关注。为了寻找新型CCME，我们从有十多年几丁质和壳聚糖暴露历史的土壤中分离出几丁质分解和壳聚糖分解微生物，并通过将它们的分泌物与壳聚糖聚合物孵育，筛选它们的几丁质酶和壳聚糖酶同工酶以及寡聚产物模式。在分离出的60株细菌菌株中，只有8株是几丁质分解和/或壳聚糖分解的，而在25株真菌分离物中，有20株是几丁质分解和/或壳聚糖分解的。细菌分离物产生的几丁质分解和壳聚糖分解酶模式相当相似，而真菌分离物产生的不同同工酶范围要广泛得多。此外，当壳聚糖聚合物与选定真菌物种的分泌物孵育时，会形成多种寡糖混合物。我们的研究表明，有几丁质和壳聚糖暴露历史的土壤是壳聚糖生物工程新型CCME的良好来源。
