Biomarker determination is very frequently requested to make a diagnosis. The results that are obtained are generally compared with those observed in a <> population, without exactly knowing how this population has been selected. Thus, for a more personalized follow-up of the patient, multiple samples are needed and the reference change values as well as individuality index notions are important to correctly interpret the results. Personalized medicine also encompasses the results obtained by the patient him/herself by means of small analytical devices (self-monitoring), but also with smartphones that can now continuously monitor physical activity or, more generally, health parameters via some applications and devices. Finally, the future of personalized medicine will be the knowledge, for each subject, of all personal biomarkers like DNA and RNA sequences, his/her proteome, metabolome, microbiome, transcriptome, exposome, auto-antibodies and epigenome.
