Vorozhtsova S V, Bulynina T M, Molokanov A G, Ivanov A A
Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 2015;49(3):44-50.
Cytogenetic damages to cells of the corneal epithelium were studied in mice exposed to protons (10, 25, 50 and 645 MeV), ions of boron, carbon and neon, and X-rays (180 keV) within the dose range from 25 to 750 cGy and injected with a radioprotector. Animals were subjected to a single exposure. The protective effect of β-mercaptoethylamine was tested in the experiment. The radioprotector (0.2 ml) was introduced intraperitoneally 30 minutes before exposure in 350 mI/kg dose. Control animals received the same amount of sodium chloride solution. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation in 24 and 72 hrs. after exposure. It was shown that cysteamine effectively protects in vivo corneal epithelium cells of mice exposed to electromagnetic radiation or protons in a broad energy spectrum (10 to 645 MeV), and to a broad range of radiation doses (25 to 750 cGy), as judged from levels of aberrant mitosis and mitotic activity. The radioprotector exhibited the highest effectiveness in animals exposed to the doses of 50 to 300 cGy. These findings prove that cysteamine may potentially be used for pharmacological protection from protons. The radioprotector failed to prevent chromosomal aberrations after exposure to heavy charged particles of boron, carbon and neon, which implies the need to design radioprotectors against this type of corpuscular radiation specifically.
在剂量范围为25至750厘戈瑞的条件下，对暴露于质子（10、25、50和645兆电子伏特）、硼离子、碳离子和氖离子以及X射线（180千电子伏特）并注射了辐射防护剂的小鼠角膜上皮细胞的细胞遗传学损伤进行了研究。动物接受单次照射。实验中测试了β-巯基乙胺的保护作用。在照射前30分钟，以350毫克/千克的剂量腹腔注射辐射防护剂（0.2毫升）。对照动物接受等量的氯化钠溶液。在照射后24小时和72小时，通过颈椎脱臼处死动物。结果表明，从异常有丝分裂水平和有丝分裂活性判断，半胱胺能有效保护体内暴露于电磁辐射或宽能谱（10至645兆电子伏特）质子以及宽剂量范围（25至750厘戈瑞）的小鼠角膜上皮细胞。辐射防护剂在暴露于50至300厘戈瑞剂量的动物中表现出最高的有效性。这些发现证明半胱胺可能潜在地用于质子的药理学防护。在暴露于硼、碳和氖的重带电粒子后，辐射防护剂未能预防染色体畸变，这意味着需要专门设计针对此类粒子辐射的辐射防护剂。
