Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2014 Jan;5(1):15-25. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1261. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
While humans use their voice mainly for communicating information about the world, paralinguistic cues in the voice signal convey rich dynamic information about a speaker's arousal and emotional state, and extralinguistic cues reflect more stable speaker characteristics including identity, biological sex and social gender, socioeconomic or regional background, and age. Here we review the anatomical and physiological bases for individual differences in the human voice, before discussing how recent methodological progress in voice morphing and voice synthesis has promoted research on current theoretical issues, such as how voices are mentally represented in the human brain. Special attention is dedicated to the distinction between the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar speakers, in everyday situations or in the forensic context, and on the processes and representational changes that accompany the learning of new voices. We describe how specific impairments and individual differences in voice perception could relate to specific brain correlates. Finally, we consider that voices are produced by speakers who are often visible during communication, and review recent evidence that shows how speaker perception involves dynamic face-voice integration. The representation of para- and extralinguistic vocal information plays a major role in person perception and social communication, could be neuronally encoded in a prototype-referenced manner, and is subject to flexible adaptive recalibration as a result of specific perceptual experience. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:15-25. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1261 CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
虽然人类主要使用声音来传达关于世界的信息,但语音信号中的非语言线索传达了丰富的关于说话者兴奋度和情绪状态的动态信息,而语言外线索则反映了更稳定的说话者特征,包括身份、生物性别和社会性别、社会经济或地区背景以及年龄。在这里,我们回顾了人类声音个体差异的解剖学和生理学基础,然后讨论了近年来在语音变形和语音合成方面的方法学进展如何促进了当前理论问题的研究,例如声音在人类大脑中是如何被心理表征的。特别关注在日常情况下或在法医背景下识别熟悉和不熟悉的说话者的区别,以及伴随学习新声音而产生的过程和表征变化。我们描述了特定的语音感知障碍和个体差异如何与特定的大脑相关物有关。最后,我们认为声音是由在交流中经常可见的说话者发出的,并回顾了最近的证据,表明说话者感知如何涉及动态的面孔-声音整合。副语言和语言外声音信息的表示在人感知和社会交流中起着重要作用,可以以原型参考的方式进行神经编码,并由于特定的感知经验而进行灵活的自适应重新校准。WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:15-25. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1261 利益冲突:作者已声明该文章不存在利益冲突。如需获取与本文相关的更多资源,请访问 WIREs 网站。