Gerlach Martin, Sanner Bernd
Medizinische Klinik mit Kardiologie, Lungenheilkunde und Schlafmedizin, Agaplesion Bethesda Krankenhaus Wuppertal gGmbH.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2015 Aug;140(17):1265-71. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-102917. Epub 2015 Aug 25.
Sleep disorders are frequent. Economic costs and impairment of quality of life can be substantial. Usually, patients suffer from insomnia or hypersomnia. Several effective therapeutic options are available. Sleep disorders appear independently or accompany a multitude of organic and psychiatric diseases. Fatigue has to be distinguished from sleep disorders clearly. For classification, the ICSD-3, published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, is used. Patients should be explicitly asked for their sleep quality, for many do not report actively. Patient's history and clinical examination usually narrow the diagnosis to a large extent. Clinical diagnostics should be carried out according to the diagnostic algorithm by the German Sleep Society (DGSM). An optimal sleep hygiene and if necessary weight reduction are crucial and can prevent chronification and health consequences. In addition, assistive technology, drug therapy, behaviour therapy, and in few cases surgery are available.
睡眠障碍很常见。其经济成本和生活质量受损可能相当严重。通常，患者会患有失眠或嗜睡症。有几种有效的治疗选择。睡眠障碍可独立出现，或伴随多种器质性和精神性疾病。必须明确区分疲劳与睡眠障碍。分类时采用美国睡眠医学学会发布的《国际睡眠障碍分类第三版》（ICSD - 3）。应明确询问患者的睡眠质量，因为许多人不会主动报告。患者病史和临床检查通常在很大程度上缩小诊断范围。临床诊断应按照德国睡眠协会（DGSM）的诊断算法进行。最佳的睡眠卫生习惯以及必要时的体重减轻至关重要，可预防病情慢性化和健康后果。此外，还有辅助技术、药物治疗、行为治疗，少数情况下还可进行手术。
