Nagel C, Ille N, Erber R, Aurich C, Aurich J
Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2015 Oct;50(5):866-71. doi: 10.1111/rda.12600. Epub 2015 Aug 26.
Invasive procedures in animals are challenging for veterinary students who may perceive a gynaecological examination of mares as stressful. Simulator-based training may reduce stress. In this study, students received equine gynaecology training 4 times either on horses (group H; n = 14) or a teaching simulator (group SIM; n = 13). One day and 14 days thereafter, their diagnostic skills were tested on horses (skills tests 1 and 2). During the skills tests, the students' stress response was analysed by heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) parameters SDRR (standard deviation of beat-to-beat [RR] interval) and RMSSD (root-mean-square of successive RR differences), and salivary cortisol. In addition, students answered a questionnaire on their perceived stress. Sympathetic activation with increased heart rate (p < 0.001) occurred in both skills tests. In test 1, this increase was more pronounced in SIM than in H students (time × group p < 0.01). HRV decreased in students of both groups (p < 0.001). In skills test 1, this decrease was more pronounced for SIM than for H students (between groups and time × group p < 0.01 for SDRR and p < 0.05 for RMSSD). High cortisol concentrations before the skills tests may indicate an anticipatory stress response. Subjective stress perception of students was higher in skills test 1 vs 2 (p < 0.01). In skills test 2, H students felt more stressed than SIM students (p < 0.01). Self-assessment thus differed from physiological stress parameters. In conclusion, gynaecological examination of mares evoked a moderate stress response in veterinary students, which was more evident after simulator-based than animal-based training.
对于兽医专业的学生来说，动物的侵入性操作颇具挑战性，他们可能会觉得对母马进行妇科检查很有压力。基于模拟器的训练或许可以减轻压力。在本研究中，学生们在马（H组；n = 14）或教学模拟器（SIM组；n = 13）上接受了4次马妇科培训。在培训后的第1天和第14天，对他们在马身上的诊断技能进行测试（技能测试1和2）。在技能测试期间，通过心率、心率变异性（HRV）参数SDRR（逐搏[RR]间期的标准差）和RMSSD（连续RR差值的均方根）以及唾液皮质醇来分析学生的应激反应。此外，学生们还回答了一份关于他们感知到的压力的问卷。在两次技能测试中均出现了心率加快的交感神经激活现象（p < 0.001）。在测试1中，SIM组学生的这种心率增加比H组学生更明显（时间×组间p < 0.01）。两组学生的HRV均下降（p < 0.001）。在技能测试1中，SIM组学生的这种下降比H组学生更明显（SDRR的组间和时间×组间p < 0.01，RMSSD的p < 0.05）。技能测试前的高皮质醇浓度可能表明存在预期应激反应。学生在技能测试1中的主观压力感知高于测试2（p < 0.01）。在技能测试2中，H组学生比SIM组学生感觉压力更大（p < 0.01）。因此，自我评估与生理应激参数不同。总之，对母马进行妇科检查会在兽医专业学生中引发适度的应激反应，基于模拟器的训练后这种反应比基于动物的训练后更明显。
