Gao Lei, Chen Jian-yao, Wang Jiang, Ke Zhi-ting, Zhu Ai-ping, Xu Kai
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2015 May;36(5):1573-81.
Shima River catchment is of strategic importance to urban water supply in Dongjiang portable water source area. To investigate the hydro-chemical characteristics of Shima River, 39 river water samples were collected in February, June and November, 2012 to analyze the major ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4(2-) , HCO3-) and nutritive salts (PO4(3-), NO3- and NH4+) and to discuss the temporal-spatial variation and controlling factors of hydro-chemical composition, relative sources identification of varied ions was performed as well. The results showed that the hydro-chemical composition exhibited significant differences in different periods. The average concentration of total dissolved solid ( TDS) and nutritive salts in different investigated periods followed the decreasing order of November > February > June. The dominant anion of Shima River was HCO3-, and Na+ + K+ were the major cations in February and November which were changed to Ca2+ in June, the hydro-chemical types were determined as HCO(3-)-Na+ and HCO(3-)- Ca2+ in dry (February and November) and rainy (June) seasons, respectively. Spatial variations of concentration of nutritive salts were mainly affected by the discharges of N- and P-containing waste water resulted from human activities. The ratio between N and P of water sample (R7) was 18.4:1 which boosted the "crazy growth" of phytoplankton and led to severe eutrophication. According to Gibbs distribution of water samples, dissolution of hydatogenic rocks was the primary factor to control the major cations of river water in dry season, however, the hydro-chemical composition was significantly affected by the combination of hydatogenic and carbonate rocks in rainy season. The deposition of sea-salts contributed less to chemical substances in river. Correlation analysis revealed that K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO4(2-) were partly derived from the application of fertilizer and the discharge of industrial effluent; Waste water of poultry feeding and sanitary wastewater transported large quantities of NH(4+)-N, PO4(3-)-P and NO(3-)-N into the river.
石马河流域对东江饮用水源区的城市供水具有战略重要性。为研究石马河的水化学特征，于2012年2月、6月和11月采集了39个河水样本，分析主要离子（K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl⁻、SO₄²⁻、HCO₃⁻）和营养盐（PO₄³⁻、NO₃⁻和NH₄⁺），并探讨水化学成分的时空变化及控制因素，同时对不同离子的相对来源进行了识别。结果表明，水化学成分在不同时期存在显著差异。不同调查时期总溶解固体（TDS）和营养盐的平均浓度顺序为11月＞2月＞6月。石马河的主要阴离子为HCO₃⁻，2月和11月的主要阳离子为Na⁺ + K⁺，6月则变为Ca²⁺，旱季（2月和11月）和雨季（6月）的水化学类型分别确定为HCO��₃-Na⁺和HCO₃⁻-Ca²⁺。营养盐浓度的空间变化主要受人类活动产生的含氮、磷废水排放影响。水样的氮磷比（R7）为18.4:1，促进了浮游植物的“疯长”，导致严重富营养化。根据水样的吉布斯分布，成岩岩石的溶解是旱季控制河水主要阳离子的主要因素，而雨季水化学成分受成岩岩石和碳酸盐岩组合的显著影响。海相盐分的沉积对河水中化学物质的贡献较小。相关性分析表明，K⁺、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl⁻和SO₄²⁻部分来源于肥料施用和工业废水排放；家禽饲养废水和生活污水将大量NH₄⁺-N、PO₄³⁻-P和NO₃⁻-N带入河流。
