Tian Mei, Liu Han-hu, Shen Xin, Zhao Fang-qing, Chen Shuai, Yao Yong-jia
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2015 May;36(5):1739-48.
The BIOLAK is a multi-stage activated sludge process, which has been successfully promoted worldwide. However, the biological community and function of the BIOLAK activated sludge ( the core component in the process) have not been reported so far. In this study, taking Lianyungang Dapu Industrial Zone WWTP as an example, a large-scale metagenomic data (428 588 high-quality DNA sequences) of the BIOLAK activated sludge were obtained by means of a new generation of high-throughput sequencing technology. Amazing biodiversity was revealed in the BIOLAK activated sludge, which included 47 phyla, 872 genera and 1351 species. There were 33 phyla identified in the Bacteria domain (289 933 sequences). Proteohacteria was the most abundant phylum (62.54%), followed by Bacteroidetes (11.29%), Nitrospirae ( 5. 65%) and Planctomycetes (4.79%), suggesting that these groups played a key role in the BIOLAK wastewater treatment system. Among the 748 bacterial genera, Nitrospira (5.60%) was the most prevalent genus, which was a key group in the nitrogen cycle. Followed by Gemmatimonas (2.45%), which was an important genus in the biological phosphorus removal process. In Archaea domain (1019 sequences), three phyla and 39 genera were detected. In Eukaryota domain (1055 sequences), 60 genera and 10 phyla were identified, among which Ciliophora was the largest phylum (257 sequences). Meanwhile, 448 viral sequences were detected in the BIOLAK sludge metagenome, which were dominated by bacteriophages. The proportions of nitrogen, aromatic compounds and phosphorus metabolism in the BIOLAK sludge were 2.50%, 2.28% and 1.56%, respectively, which were higher than those in the sludge of United States and Australia. Among four processes of nitrogen metabolism, denitrification-related genes were most abundant (80.81%), followed by ammonification (12.78%), nitrification,(4.38%) and nitrogen fixation (2.04%). In conclusion, the BIOLAK activated sludge had amazing biodiversity, meanwhile, functional genes involved in nitrogen, aromatic compounds and phosphorus metabolism were very abundant.
BIOLAK工艺是一种多级活性污泥法，已在全球范围内成功推广。然而，到目前为止，尚未见有关BIOLAK活性污泥（该工艺的核心组成部分）生物群落和功能的报道。本研究以连云港大浦工业区污水处理厂为例，采用新一代高通量测序技术，获得了BIOLAK活性污泥大规模宏基因组数据（428588条高质量DNA序列）。结果显示，BIOLAK活性污泥具有惊人的生物多样性，包括47个门、872个属和1351个物种。细菌域中鉴定出33个门（289933条序列）。变形菌门是最丰富的门（62.54%），其次是拟杆菌门（11.29%）、硝化螺旋菌门（5.65%）和浮霉菌门（4.79%），表明这些类群在BIOLAK污水处理系统中起关键作用。在748个细菌属中，硝化螺旋菌属（5.60%）是最普遍的属，是氮循环中的关键类群。其次是芽单胞菌属（2.45%），是生物除磷过程中的重要属。在古菌域（1019条序列）中，检测到3个门和39个属。在真核生物域（1055条序列）中，鉴定出60个属和10个门，其中纤毛虫门是最大的门（257条序列）。同时，在BIOLAK污泥宏基因组中检测到448条病毒序列，以噬菌体为主。BIOLAK污泥中氮、芳香化合物和磷代谢的比例分别为2.50%、2.28%和1.56%，高于美国和澳大利亚污泥中的比例。在氮代谢的四个过程中，与反硝化相关的基因最丰富（80.81%），其次是氨化作用（12.78%）、硝化作用（4.38%）和固氮作用（2.04%）。总之，BIOLAK活性污泥具有惊人的生物多样性，同时参与氮、芳香化合物和磷代谢的功能基因非常丰富。
