Morris James R, Costa James T, Berry Andrew
Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, 02454.
Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina, 28741 and Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, 28723.
Evolution. 2015 Oct;69(10):2556-60. doi: 10.1111/evo.12759. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species is at once familiar and unfamiliar. Everyone knows that the Origin introduced the world to the idea of evolution by natural selection, but few of us have actually read it. We suggest that it is worth taking the time not only to read what Darwin had to say, but also to use the Origin to teach both biology and writing. It provides scientific lessons in areas beyond evolutionary biology, such as ecology and biogeography. In addition, it provides valuable rhetorical lessons-how to construct an argument, write persuasively, make use of evidence, know your audience, and anticipate counterarguments. We have been using the Origin in various classes for several years, introducing new generations to Darwin, in his own words.
查尔斯·达尔文的《物种起源》既为人熟知又鲜有人详读。每个人都知道《物种起源》向世人介绍了自然选择导致进化的观点,但实际上我们很少有人读过这本书。我们认为,不仅值得花时间去研读达尔文的观点,还值得借助《物种起源》教授生物学和写作知识。它在进化生物学之外的领域,如生态学和生物地理学方面,提供了科学知识。此外,它还提供了宝贵的修辞学知识——如何构建论点、进行有说服力的写作、运用证据、了解受众以及预测反驳观点。多年来,我们一直在各类课程中使用《物种起源》,用达尔文自己的话向新一代介绍他。