Maiuolo Jessica, Oppedisano Francesca, Gratteri Santo, Muscoli Carolina, Mollace Vincenzo
Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jun 15;213:8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.109. Epub 2015 Aug 14.
Purines perform many important functions in the cell, being the formation of the monomeric precursors of nucleic acids DNA and RNA the most relevant one. Purines which also contribute to modulate energy metabolism and signal transduction, are structural components of some coenzymes and have been shown to play important roles in the physiology of platelets, muscles and neurotransmission. All cells require a balanced quantity of purines for growth, proliferation and survival. Under physiological conditions the enzymes involved in the purine metabolism maintain in the cell a balanced ratio between their synthesis and degradation. In humans the final compound of purines catabolism is uric acid. All other mammals possess the enzyme uricase that converts uric acid to allantoin that is easily eliminated through urine. Overproduction of uric acid, generated from the metabolism of purines, has been proven to play emerging roles in human disease. In fact the increase of serum uric acid is inversely associated with disease severity and especially with cardiovascular disease states. This review describes the enzymatic pathways involved in the degradation of purines, getting into their structure and biochemistry until the uric acid formation.
嘌呤在细胞中发挥着许多重要功能，其中最相关的是作为核酸DNA和RNA的单体前体的形成。嘌呤还有助于调节能量代谢和信号转导，是某些辅酶的结构成分，并已被证明在血小板、肌肉和神经传递的生理学中发挥重要作用。所有细胞都需要适量的嘌呤来生长、增殖和存活。在生理条件下，参与嘌呤代谢的酶在细胞内维持其合成与降解之间的平衡比例。在人类中，嘌呤分解代谢的最终产物是尿酸。所有其他哺乳动物都拥有尿酸酶，该酶将尿酸转化为尿囊素，尿囊素可通过尿液轻松排出。已证明由嘌呤代谢产生的尿酸过量在人类疾病中发挥着新出现的作用。事实上，血清尿酸的升高与疾病严重程度呈负相关，尤其是与心血管疾病状态相关。本综述描述了参与嘌呤降解的酶促途径，深入探讨其结构和生物化学直至尿酸形成。
