Park Jeong-A, Gardner Caleb, Chang Myo-In, Kim Do-Hoon, Jang Young-Soo
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; Department of Marine and Fisheries Business and Economics, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0133778. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133778. eCollection 2015.
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from the offshore fisheries industry in the Republic of Korea (Korea) were examined in response to growing concerns about global warming and the contribution of emissions from different industrial sectors. Fuel usage and GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) were analysed using the 'Tier 1' method provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) from the offshore fishery, which is the primary domestic seafood production sector in Korea. In 2013, fuel usage in the offshore fishery accounted for 59.7% (557,463 KL) of total fuel consumption of fishing vessels in Korea. Fuel consumption and thus GHG emissions were not stable through time in this industry, increasing by 2.4% p.a. for three consecutive years, from 2011 to 2013, despite a decrease in the number of vessels operating. GHG emissions generated in offshore fisheries also changed through time and increased from 1,442,975 tCO2e/year in 2011 to 1,477,279 tCO2e/year in 2013. Changes in both fuel use and GHG emissions per kg offshore fish production appeared to be associated with decreasing catch rates by the fleet, which in turn were a reflection of decrease in fish biomass. Another important feature of GHG emissions in this industry was the high variation in GHG emission per kg fish product among different fishing methods. The long line fishery had approximately three times the emissions of the average production while the jigging fishery was more than two times higher than the average. Lowest emissions were from the trawl sector, which is regarded as having greatest environmental impact using traditional biodiversity metrics although had lowest environmental impact in terms of fuel and GHG emission metrics used in this study. The observed deterioration in fuel efficiency of the offshore fishery each year is of concern but also demonstrates that fuel efficiency can change, which shows there is opportunity to improve efficiency with changes to fishery management and harvesting operations.
鉴于对全球变暖以及不同工业部门排放贡献的担忧日益增加，韩国对近海渔业的温室气体（GHG）排放进行了研究。使用政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）提供的“一级”方法，对韩国主要国内海产品生产部门近海渔业的燃料使用和温室气体排放（二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮）进行了分析。2013年，近海渔业的燃料使用量占韩国渔船总燃料消耗量的59.7%（557,463千升）。该行业的燃料消耗以及由此产生的温室气体排放随时间并不稳定，尽管作业船只数量减少，但在2011年至2013年期间连续三年每年增长2.4%。近海渔业产生的温室气体排放也随时间变化，从2011年的1,442,975吨二氧化碳当量/年增加到2013年的1,477,279吨二氧化碳当量/年。每千克近海鱼类产品的燃料使用和温室气体排放变化似乎与船队捕捞率下降有关，而捕捞率下降又是鱼类生物量减少的反映。该行业温室气体排放的另一个重要特征是不同捕捞方法之间每千克鱼类产品的温室气体排放差异很大。延绳钓渔业的排放量约为平均产量的三倍，而 jigging 渔业的排放量比平均水平高出两倍多。拖网捕捞部门的排放量最低，尽管按照本研究中使用的燃料和温室气体排放指标其环境影响最低，但按照传统生物多样性指标被认为具有最大的环境影响。近海渔业每年观察到的燃料效率下降令人担忧，但也表明燃料效率是可以改变的，这表明通过改变渔业管理和捕捞作业有机会提高效率。
