Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada.
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland.
Phys Rev Lett. 2015 Aug 14;115(7):072501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.072501.
Consistent formulations of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics involve short-lived modes, leading to asymptotic rather than convergent gradient expansions. In this Letter we consider the Müller-Israel-Stewart theory applied to a longitudinally expanding quark-gluon plasma system and identify hydrodynamics as a universal attractor without invoking the gradient expansion. We give strong evidence for the existence of this attractor and then show that it can be recovered from the divergent gradient expansion by Borel summation. This requires careful accounting for the short-lived modes which leads to an intricate mathematical structure known from the theory of resurgence.
相对论粘性流体力学的一致表述涉及短暂模式，导致渐近而非收敛的梯度展开。在这封信中，我们考虑将 Müller-Israel-Stewart 理论应用于纵向膨胀的夸克-胶子等离子体系统，并在不引入梯度展开的情况下将流体力学识别为一个通用吸引子。我们给出了这个吸引子存在的强有力证据，然后表明它可以通过 Borel 求和从发散的梯度展开中恢复。这需要仔细考虑短暂模式，这导致了从突现理论中已知的复杂数学结构。
