Zimatkin Sergey M, Phedina Ekaterina M
Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus.
Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus.
Alcohol. 2015 Sep;49(6):589-95. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
The purpose of the study is to clarify the effect of 7 days of ethanol administration upon brain histaminergic neurons in rats. Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 20% ethanol/saline (0.85% NaCl) daily, over 7 days, whereas control rats were given saline. The animals were decapitated 24 h after the 7th injection and samples of hypothalamus were prepared for light and electron microscopy, accompanied by morphometry to examine the histaminergic neurons. It was found that ethanol administration gradually decreased the duration of alcohol-induced sleep and decreased the total amount of histaminergic neurons and the amount of histologically normal neurons, but increased the amount of hypochromic neurons and shadow cells. The histaminergic neuron bodies and nuclei decreased in size. The ultrastructural changes in histaminergic neurons demonstrated activation of their nuclear apparatus, both destruction or hypertrophy and hyperplasia of organelles, especially lysosomes. The histochemical examination revealed the activation of lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase, and inhibition of NADH-, NADPhH, and succinate dehydrogenases. Following 7 days of ethanol administration, histaminergic neurons exhibit the structural signs of hyperactivity, which can be related to neuronal adaptation to the actions of ethanol, and increased behavioral tolerance to ethanol.
本研究的目的是阐明连续7天给予乙醇对大鼠脑内组胺能神经元的影响。雄性Wistar大鼠每天腹腔注射20%乙醇/生理盐水（0.85% NaCl），持续7天，而对照大鼠给予生理盐水。在第7次注射后24小时将动物断头，制备下丘脑样本用于光学显微镜和电子显微镜检查，并进行形态测量以检查组胺能神经元。结果发现，给予乙醇逐渐缩短了酒精诱导睡眠的持续时间，减少了组胺能神经元的总数和组织学上正常神经元的数量，但增加了低色素神经元和影子细胞的数量。组胺能神经元的细胞体和细胞核尺寸减小。组胺能神经元的超微结构变化显示其核装置激活，细胞器既有破坏也有肥大和增生，尤其是溶酶体。组织化学检查显示乳酸脱氢酶和酸性磷酸酶激活，而NADH、NADPhH和琥珀酸脱氢酶受到抑制。给予乙醇7天后，组胺能神经元表现出活动亢进的结构迹象，这可能与神经元对乙醇作用的适应有关，并且对乙醇的行为耐受性增加。
