Kokubo Yuki, Yokoyama Yuri, Kisara Kumiko, Ohira Yoshiko, Sunami Ayaka, Yoshizaki Takahiro, Tada Yuki, Ishizaki Sakuko, Hida Azumi, Kawano Yukari
Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Aichi, Japan.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016 Apr;26(2):105-13. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0123. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and associations between dietary factors and incidence of ID in female rhythmic gymnasts during preseason periods. Participants were 60 elite collegiate rhythmic gymnasts (18.1 ± 0.3 years [M ± SD]) who were recruited every August over the course of 8 years. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of ID. Presence of ID was defined either by ferritin less than 12 μg/L or percentage of transferrin saturation less than 16%. Anthropometric and hematologic data, as well as dietary intake, which was estimated via a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, were compared. ID was noted in 48.3% of participants. No significant group-dependent differences were observed in physical characteristics, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, haptoglobin, or erythropoietin concentrations. The ID group had a significantly lower total iron-binding capacity; serum-free iron; percentage of transferrin saturation; ferritin; and intake of protein, fat, zinc, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, beans, and eggs but not iron or vitamin C. The recommended dietary allowance for intake of protein, iron, zinc, and various vitamins was not met by 30%, 90%, 70%, and 22%-87% of all participants, respectively. Multiple logistic analysis showed that protein intake was significantly associated with the incidence of ID (odds ratio = 0.814, 95% confidence interval [0.669, 0.990], p = .039). Participants in the preseason's weight-loss periods showed a tendency toward insufficient nutrient intake and were at a high risk for ID, particularly because of lower protein intake.
这项横断面研究探讨了女子艺术体操运动员在季前训练期间缺铁（ID）的患病率以及饮食因素与ID发生率之间的关联。研究对象为60名精英大学艺术体操运动员（年龄18.1±0.3岁[均值±标准差]），她们是在8年时间里每年8月招募的。根据是否存在ID将参与者分为两组。ID的存在通过血清铁蛋白低于12μg/L或转铁蛋白饱和度百分比低于16%来定义。比较了人体测量和血液学数据以及通过半定量食物频率问卷估算的饮食摄入量。48.3%的参与者存在ID。在身体特征、红细胞计数、血红蛋白、血细胞比容、触珠蛋白或促红细胞生成素浓度方面，未观察到显著的组间差异。ID组的总铁结合力、血清游离铁、转铁蛋白饱和度百分比、铁蛋白以及蛋白质、脂肪、锌、维生素B2、维生素B6、豆类和鸡蛋的摄入量显著较低，但铁或维生素C的摄入量除外。所有参与者中，分别有30%、90%、70%以及22%-87%未达到蛋白质、铁、锌和各种维生素的推荐膳食摄入量。多因素logistic分析显示，蛋白质摄入量与ID发生率显著相关（比值比=0.814，95%置信区间[0.669, 0.990]，p = 0.039）。处于季前减肥期的参与者显示出营养摄入不足的趋势，且ID风险较高，尤其是由于蛋白质摄入量较低。
