Kridli Rami T, Khalaj Kasra, Bidarimath Mallikarjun, Tayade Chandrakant
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Theriogenology. 2016 Jan 1;85(1):135-44. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
Pregnancy is a delicate yet complex physiological process that requires fine-tuning of many factors (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and receptors) between the mother and the conceptus to ensure the survival of the conceptus(es) to term. Any disturbance in the maternal-conceptus dialog can have detrimental effects on the affected conceptus or even the outcome of pregnancy as a whole. Being a litter-bearing species, such disruptions can lead to a loss of up to 45% of the totally healthy offspring during early (periattachment) and midgestation to late gestation in pigs. Although the exact mechanism is not entirely understood, several factors have been associated with the fetal loss including but not limited to uterine capacity, placental efficiency, genetics, nutrition, and deficits in vascularization at the maternal-fetal interface. Over the years, we investigated how immune cells are recruited to the porcine maternal-fetal interface and whether they contribute to vascularization. We also delineated how cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine destabilizing factors fine-tune inflammation and whether the cytokine shift from early to midpregnancy exists at the porcine maternal-fetal interface. Finally, we evaluated the role of microRNAs in regulating immune cell recruitment and their angiogenic functions during pregnancy. Collectively our research points out that the immune-angiogenesis axis at the porcine maternal interface is significantly involved in promoting new blood vessel development, regulating inflammatory responses and ultimately contributing to pregnancy success. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on spontaneous fetal loss in swine, with special attention to the mechanisms in immune reactivity and interplay at the maternal-fetal interface.
怀孕是一个微妙而复杂的生理过程，需要对母亲与胎儿之间的许多因素（激素、生长因子、细胞因子和受体）进行微调，以确保胎儿足月存活。母婴对话中的任何干扰都可能对受影响的胎儿产生不利影响，甚至对整个妊娠结局产生不利影响。作为一种多胎动物，这种干扰可能导致猪在妊娠早期（围着床期）、中期至晚期高达45%的完全健康后代死亡。虽然确切机制尚未完全了解，但有几个因素与胎儿丢失有关，包括但不限于子宫容量、胎盘效率、遗传学、营养以及母胎界面血管化不足。多年来，我们研究了免疫细胞如何被招募到猪的母胎界面，以及它们是否有助于血管化。我们还描述了细胞因子、趋化因子和细胞因子不稳定因子如何微调炎症，以及猪母胎界面是否存在从妊娠早期到中期的细胞因子转变。最后，我们评估了微小RNA在调节妊娠期间免疫细胞募集及其血管生成功能中的作用。总的来说，我们的研究指出，猪母胎界面的免疫-血管生成轴在促进新血管发育、调节炎症反应并最终促成妊娠成功方面发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于猪自发性胎儿丢失的知识，特别关注母胎界面免疫反应和相互作用的机制。
