Nichols William T
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2015 Jan;15(1):189-91. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2015.8365.
Two biomimetic design approaches that apply biological solutions to engineering problems are discussed. In the first case, motivation comes from an engineering problem and the key challenge is to find analogous biological functions and map them into engineering materials. We illustrate with an example of water pollution remediation through appropriate design of a biomimetic sponge. In the second case, a biological function is already known and the challenge is to identify the appropriate engineering problem. We demonstrate the biological approach with marine diatoms that control energy and materials at their surface providing inspiration for a number of engineering applications. In both cases, it is essential to select materials and structures at the nanoscale to control energy and materials flows at interfaces.
讨论了两种将生物解决方案应用于工程问题的仿生设计方法。在第一种情况下，动机来自于一个工程问题，关键挑战是找到类似的生物功能并将其映射到工程材料中。我们通过一个通过仿生海绵的适当设计进行水污染修复的例子来说明。在第二种情况下，一种生物功能已经为人所知，挑战在于确定合适的工程问题。我们用海洋硅藻来展示这种生物学方法，海洋硅藻在其表面控制能量和物质，为许多工程应用提供了灵感。在这两种情况下，选择纳米尺度的材料和结构以控制界面处的能量和物质流动至关重要。
