Institute of Crop and Soil Science, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Cultural Plants, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
Institute of Crop and Soil Science, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Institute for Cultural Plants, Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jan 15;542(Pt B):1013-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.046. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
68 rock phosphates and 162 P containing (organo-)mineral fertilizers sold in Germany were evaluated with regard to trace element contents. While Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, and Zn were higher in sedimentary than in igneous rock phosphates, the opposite was true for Co, Cu, Sn, Mn, Ti, Fe, and Sr. Comparing element concentrations to the currently valid legal limit values defined by the German Fertilizer Ordinance, it was found that some PK and many straight P fertilizers (superphosphate, triple superphosphate, partly acidulated rock phosphates) exceeded the limit of 50 mg Cd/kg P2O5. Mean values for As, Ni, Pb, and Tl remained below legal limits in almost all cases. While no legal limit has been defined for U in Germany yet, the limit of 50 mg U/kg P2O5 for P containing fertilizers proposed by the German Commission for the Protection of Soils was clearly exceeded by mean values for all fertilizer types analyzed. A large share of the samples evaluated in this work contained essential trace elements at high concentrations, with many of them not being declared as such. Furthermore, trace elements supplied with these fertilizers at a fertilization rate leveling P uptake would exceed trace element uptake by crops. This may become most relevant for B and Fe, since many crops are sensitive to an oversupply of B, and Fe loads exceeding plant uptake may immobilize P supplies for the crops by forming Fe phosphate salts. The sample set included two products made from thermochemically treated sewage sludge ash. The products displayed very high concentrations of Fe and Mn and exceeded the legal limit for Ni, emphasizing the necessity to continue research on heavy metal removal from recycled raw materials and the development of environmentally friendly and agriculturally efficient fertilizer products.
对在德国销售的 68 种磷矿石和 162 种含磷（有机）矿物肥料进行了微量元素含量评估。与火成岩磷矿石相比，沉积岩磷矿石中的 Al、As、B、Be、Cd、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Tl、U 和 Zn 等元素含量更高，而 Co、Cu、Sn、Mn、Ti、Fe 和 Sr 等元素含量则相反。将这些元素浓度与德国肥料条例规定的现行有效法定限值进行比较，发现一些 PK 和许多直供 P 肥料（过磷酸钙、重过磷酸钙、部分酸化磷矿石）超过了 50mg Cd/kg P2O5 的限值。在几乎所有情况下，As、Ni、Pb 和 Tl 的平均值都低于法定限值。虽然德国尚未为 U 设定法定限值，但所有分析肥料类型的 U 平均值均明显超过德国土壤保护委员会建议的含磷肥料 50mg U/kg P2O5 的限值。在这项工作中评估的大量样本含有高浓度的必需微量元素，其中许多并未被声明为微量元素。此外，以与肥料养分吸收相当的施肥率供应这些肥料中的微量元素会超过作物对微量元素的吸收。这对于 B 和 Fe 来说可能变得尤为重要，因为许多作物对 B 的过量供应很敏感，而 Fe 负载超过植物吸收可能会通过形成 Fe 磷酸盐盐来固定作物的 P 供应。样本集中包括两种由热化学处理污水污泥灰制成的产品。这些产品显示出非常高的 Fe 和 Mn 浓度，超过了 Ni 的法定限值，这强调了必须继续研究从回收原料中去除重金属以及开发环保和农业高效肥料产品的必要性。
