Leggett Amanda, Burgard Sarah, Zivin Kara
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
Department of Sociology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor. Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2016 Jan;71(1):118-28. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbv072. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Sleep problems are common across the adult life span and may exacerbate depressive symptoms and the effect of common risk factors for depressive symptoms such as life stress. We examine sleep disturbance as a moderator of the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms across five waves (25 years) of the nationally representative, longitudinal American Changing Lives Study.
The sample includes 3,597 adults aged 25 years or older who were surveyed up to five times over 25 years. Multilevel models were run to examine between- and within-person variability in sleep disturbance and life event stress as predictors of depressive symptoms, and an interaction to test sleep disturbance as a moderator is included in a second step.
Life events and sleep disturbance were associated with elevated depressive symptoms at the between- and within-person levels. A significant sleep disturbance by interaction of life events was found, indicating that when individuals experienced an above average number of life events and slept more restlessly than usual, they had a higher risk for depressive symptoms than individuals who experienced above average stress but slept well.
Sleeping restfully may allow individuals the rejuvenation needed to manage stress adaptively and reduce depressive symptom burden.
睡眠问题在成年人的整个生命历程中都很常见，可能会加剧抑郁症状以及诸如生活压力等抑郁症状常见风险因素的影响。我们在美国具有全国代表性的纵向研究“美国生活变化研究”的五个阶段（25年）中，将睡眠障碍作为生活应激事件与抑郁症状之间关联的调节因素进行研究。
样本包括3597名25岁及以上的成年人，他们在25年中接受了多达五次的调查。运行多水平模型以检验睡眠障碍和生活事件压力在个体间和个体内的变异性，将其作为抑郁症状的预测因素，第二步纳入一个交互项以检验睡眠障碍作为调节因素的作用。
在个体间和个体内水平上，生活事件和睡眠障碍都与抑郁症状的增加有关。发现生活事件与睡眠障碍之间存在显著的交互作用，这表明当个体经历的生活事件数量高于平均水平且睡眠比平时更不安稳时，与经历高于平均水平压力但睡眠良好的个体相比，他们出现抑郁症状的风险更高。
安稳的睡眠可能使个体获得适应性应对压力所需的恢复，并减轻抑郁症状负担。
