More S J, Radunz B, Glanville R J
UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Biosecurity Advisor Service, 63 Glass Street, Essendon, Victoria 3040, Australia.
Vet Rec. 2015 Sep 5;177(9):224-32. doi: 10.1136/vr.103163.
There are very few international examples of the successful eradication of bovine tuberculosis (TB, caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis) from a national cattle population. This paper presents a brief overview of the successful TB eradication programme in Australia from 1970, with primary emphasis on lessons of international relevance that were learned from the Australian experience. The national brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign ran for 27 years from 1970 to 1997 and has been followed by ongoing abattoir surveillance. Rapid progress towards eradication was made in southern Australia, but proved much more challenging in extensive pastoral areas of northern Australia. Declaration of TB freedom was made on December 31, 1997. A range of factors were critical to this success, including a compelling rationale for eradication, an agreed final outcome, industry commitment and financial support, a business model for programme planning, implementation and review, consistent and transparent technical standards underpinned by a strict regulatory regime and applied research, the critical role of abattoir surveillance, effective elimination of residual infection and objective measures of programme progress. Although direct translation of some of these experiences may not be possible, many of the lessons learned from the Australian experience may be relevant to other countries.
在全国牛群中成功根除牛结核病（由牛分枝杆菌感染引起）的国际范例非常少。本文简要概述了澳大利亚自1970年以来成功的结核病根除计划，主要强调从澳大利亚经验中学到的具有国际借鉴意义的教训。全国性的布鲁氏菌病和结核病根除运动从1970年持续到1997年，历时27年，之后一直在进行屠宰场监测。澳大利亚南部在根除方面取得了快速进展，但在澳大利亚北部的广阔牧区则面临更大挑战。1997年12月31日宣布该国无结核病。一系列因素对这一成功至关重要，包括根除的令人信服的理由、商定的最终结果、行业承诺和财政支持、计划规划、实施和审查的商业模式、由严格监管制度和应用研究支撑的一致且透明的技术标准、屠宰场监测的关键作用、有效消除残留感染以及计划进展的客观衡量标准。尽管其中一些经验可能无法直接照搬，但从澳大利亚经验中学到的许多教训可能与其他国家相关。
