伊朗德黑兰地区 HIV 阳性人群的性与生殖健康需求：一项混合方法描述性研究。
Sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV-positive people in Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method descriptive study.
机构信息
School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015 Mar 19;4(9):591-8. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.68.
BACKGROUND
People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are highly stigmatized and consequently hard-to-access by researchers and importantly, public health outreach in Iran, possibly due to the existing socio-cultural situation in this country. The present study aimed to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health needs of PLHIV in Tehran, the capital of Iran.
METHODS
As a mixed-method descriptive study, this project was conducted in 2012 in Tehran, Iran. In this study, we evaluated and discussed socio-demographic characteristics, family and social support, sexual behaviors, fertility desires and needs, PMTCT services, contraceptive methods, unintended pregnancy and safe abortion, and Pap smear tests among 400 participants referring to the behavioral disorders consulting centers.
RESULTS
Of the sample 240 (60%) were male and 160 (40%) were female. About 50% of women and 40% of men were 25-34 years old. More than 60% of men and 96% of women were married, while more than 50% of the participants had HIV-positive spouses at the time of study. According to the results, fertility desire was observed among more than 30% of female and 40% of male participants. Results of the in-depth interviews indicate that the participants are not satisfied with most of the existing services offered to address their sexual and reproductive health needs.
CONCLUSION
Despite the availability of services, most of sexual and reproductive health needs of the PLHIV are overlooked by the health system in Iran. Paying attention to sexual and reproductive health needs of PLHIV in Iran not only protects their right to live long and healthy lives, but also may prevent the transmission of HIV from the patients to others within the community.
背景
艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）受到高度歧视，因此难以被研究人员以及伊朗的公共卫生工作者接触到，这可能是由于该国现有的社会文化状况所致。本研究旨在评估伊朗首都德黑兰 PLHIV 的性健康和生殖健康需求。
方法
作为一项混合方法描述性研究，该项目于 2012 年在伊朗德黑兰进行。在这项研究中，我们评估和讨论了社会人口学特征、家庭和社会支持、性行为、生育意愿和需求、预防母婴传播服务、避孕方法、意外怀孕和安全堕胎以及巴氏涂片检查，共有 400 名参与者来自行为障碍咨询中心。
结果
样本中 240 名（60%）为男性，160 名（40%）为女性。约 50%的女性和 40%的男性年龄在 25-34 岁之间。超过 60%的男性和 96%的女性已婚，而超过 50%的参与者在研究时配偶 HIV 检测呈阳性。结果显示，超过 30%的女性和 40%的男性参与者有生育意愿。深入访谈的结果表明，参与者对大多数现有的满足其性健康和生殖健康需求的服务不满意。
结论
尽管有服务提供，但伊朗卫生系统忽略了大多数 PLHIV 的性健康和生殖健康需求。关注伊朗 PLHIV 的性健康和生殖健康需求不仅保护了他们长寿和健康生活的权利，还可能防止患者在社区内将 HIV 传播给他人。
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