Community-Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Center for Academic and Health Policy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2022 Jul;10(3):172-183. doi: 10.30476/IJCBNM.2021.91724.1805.
A successful response to the risk of human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) infection among immigrants requires improved access to HIV prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services. However, most immigrants face significant challenges in accessing HIV/AIDS services. The aim of this study was to explore the aspects influencing access to HIV/AIDS services among Afghan immigrants in Iran.
This was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis that was conducted from June 2018 to April 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Purposeful sampling method was performed. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with three groups of stakeholders including Afghan immigrants infected with or at risk of HIV (n=8), service providers (n=8), and policymakers/managers/experts (n=9). Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied according to the Granheim and Lundman method. Data were analyzed using Open Code software version 4.03.
Aspects influencing access to HIV/AIDS health services were categorized into 3 themes (that were extracted from 9 categories): 1. Cultural aspects (cultural similarities and differences, values and beliefs); 2. Psychosocial aspects (social support, stigma and discrimination); and 3. Service delivery related aspects (awareness, health services coverage and integrity, health services financing, accessibility, and continuity of care).
The findings suggest that efforts to improve Afghan immigrants' access to HIV/AIDS health services in Iran need to consider the cultural aspects, increasing HIV awareness, providing support, reducing stigma and discrimination, and improving health services coverage, integrity, financing, and continuity of accessible services.
成功应对移民人群中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的风险，需要改善 HIV 预防、诊断和治疗服务的可及性。然而，大多数移民在获得艾滋病毒/艾滋病服务方面面临重大挑战。本研究旨在探讨影响伊朗阿富汗移民获得艾滋病毒/艾滋病服务的因素。
这是一项使用常规内容分析的定性研究，于 2018 年 6 月至 2020 年 4 月在伊朗德黑兰进行。采用目的抽样法。我们对三组利益相关者进行了 25 次半结构化访谈，包括感染或有 HIV 感染风险的阿富汗移民（n=8）、服务提供者（n=8）和政策制定者/管理者/专家（n=9）。根据 Granheim 和 Lundman 方法，采用归纳定性内容分析法。使用 Open Code 软件版本 4.03 对数据进行分析。
影响艾滋病毒/艾滋病卫生服务获取的方面分为 3 个主题（从 9 个类别中提取）：1. 文化方面（文化相似性和差异、价值观和信仰）；2. 心理社会方面（社会支持、污名和歧视）；3. 服务提供相关方面（意识、卫生服务覆盖和完整性、卫生服务融资、可及性和护理连续性）。
研究结果表明，为改善伊朗阿富汗移民获得艾滋病毒/艾滋病卫生服务的机会，需要考虑文化方面，提高对艾滋病毒的认识，提供支持，减少污名和歧视，改善卫生服务的覆盖范围、完整性、融资以及可及服务的连续性。
