Yeomans M R, Savory C J
Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Physiol Behav. 1989 Dec;46(6):917-22. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(89)90191-1.
Fowls were given a dilute quinine solution as their sole source of fluid, and effects on normal ingestion and on drinking responses to dipsogenic stimuli were examined. Compared to controls with water, daily fluid intakes were depressed by 25% with quinine. There was no significant effect of quinine on food intake, but growth was suppressed slightly. Drinking in response to hypertonic NaCl injections was attenuated with quinine, and whereas an initial peak in water intake was seen directly after hypertonic NaCl injection, this was absent with quinine. Moreover, increases in quinine intake after hypertonic NaCl injections were insufficient to restore normal osmolality. Plasma analyses indicated that birds drinking quinine were permanently dehydrated and, unlike birds with water, they appeared to reduce the hyperosmolality induced by hypertonic NaCl injections in the absence of drinking. In contrast, drinking responses to angiotensin were generally similar with quinine and water, although birds drinking quinine tended to stop sooner with the highest dose of angiotensin. These results support previous suggestions that osmotic thirst is of primary importance in control of normal drinking, but also demonstrate that birds tolerate a degree of dehydration if a suitable fluid source is unavailable.
给家禽饮用稀释的奎宁溶液作为它们唯一的液体来源，并研究其对正常饮水以及对致渴刺激的饮水反应的影响。与饮用清水的对照组相比，饮用奎宁的家禽每日液体摄入量降低了25%。奎宁对食物摄入量没有显著影响，但生长略有抑制。饮用奎宁会减弱对高渗氯化钠注射的饮水反应，高渗氯化钠注射后直接会出现饮水的初始峰值，但饮用奎宁时则没有。此外，高渗氯化钠注射后奎宁摄入量的增加不足以恢复正常渗透压。血浆分析表明，饮用奎宁的家禽会持续脱水，与饮用清水的家禽不同，在不饮水的情况下，它们似乎会降低高渗氯化钠注射所诱导的高渗状态。相比之下，对血管紧张素的饮水反应在饮用奎宁和清水时通常相似，尽管饮用奎宁的家禽在使用最高剂量血管紧张素时往往会更快停止饮水。这些结果支持了先前的观点，即渗透性口渴在正常饮水控制中至关重要，但也表明，如果没有合适的液体来源，家禽能够耐受一定程度的脱水。
