Wang Guoqing, Tachibana Tetsuya, Gilbert Elizabeth R, Cline Mark A
Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA; and.
Department of Agrobiological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
J Nutr. 2015 Oct;145(10):2406-11. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.214338. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
The interaction between the effects of exogenous neurotransmitters and dietary composition on appetite regulation in nonmammalian species is unclear.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and dietary macronutrient composition on food intake regulation in broiler chicks.
Three isocaloric diets were formulated: high-carbohydrate (HC), high-fat (HF; 60% of ME from lard) and high-protein (HP) diets. In Expt. 1, 4-d-old Hubbard × Cobb-500 chicks fed 1 of the 3 diets since hatch were intracerebroventricularly injected with 0 (vehicle), 3, or 188 pmol PrRP (n = 10). Food intake was measured for 180 min. In Expt. 2, hypothalamic mRNA abundance of appetite-associated factors was measured in hypothalamus samples obtained 1 h postinjection of 0 or 188 pmol PrRP. In Expt. 3, chicks were given free access to all diets before and after intracerebroventricular injection and food intake was measured.
Three and 188 pmol PrRP increased (P = 0.0008 and 0.04) HP diet intake, but only 188 pmol PrRP was efficacious at increasing HC (P = 0.0011) and HF (P = 0.01) consumption compared with the vehicle. There was a diet effect on mRNA abundance of all genes (P < 0.05), with greater expression in chicks fed the HF or HP than the HC diet. Whereas neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA was similar between vehicle- and PrRP-injected chicks that consumed HP or HF diets, expression was greater (P < 0.05) in PrRP- than vehicle-injected chicks that consumed the HC diet. When chicks had access to all diets, 188 pmol PrRP caused preferential (P < 0.0001) intake of the HP over the HC and HF diets.
The HP diet enhanced the sensitivity of chicks to the food intake-stimulating effects of PrRP, and PrRP in turn increased preference for the HP diet. Thus, dietary macronutrient composition influences PrRP-mediated food intake, and PrRP in turn affects nutrient intake and transcriptional regulation in chicks.
外源性神经递质的作用与饮食组成对非哺乳动物食欲调节的相互作用尚不清楚。
本研究旨在确定外源性催乳素释放肽（PrRP）和饮食中常量营养素组成对肉仔鸡采食量调节的影响。
配制三种等热量日粮：高碳水化合物（HC）、高脂肪（HF；代谢能的60%来自猪油）和高蛋白（HP）日粮。在实验1中，自孵化起就饲喂三种日粮之一的4日龄哈伯德×科宝500肉仔鸡，脑室内注射0（溶剂）、3或188 pmol PrRP（n = 10）。测量180分钟内的采食量。在实验2中，在注射0或188 pmol PrRP后1小时采集下丘脑样本，测量食欲相关因子的下丘脑mRNA丰度。在实验3中，肉仔鸡在脑室内注射前后可自由采食所有日粮，并测量采食量。
3和188 pmol PrRP增加了（P = 0.0008和0.04）HP日粮的摄入量，但与溶剂相比，只有188 pmol PrRP能有效增加HC（P = 0.0011）和HF（P = 0.01）的消耗量。所有基因的mRNA丰度存在日粮效应（P < 0.05），饲喂HF或HP日粮的肉仔鸡中基因表达高于HC日粮。虽然采食HP或HF日粮的注射溶剂与注射PrRP的肉仔鸡之间神经肽Y（NPY）mRNA相似，但采食HC日粮的注射PrRP的肉仔鸡中NPY表达高于注射溶剂的肉仔鸡（P < 0.05）。当肉仔鸡可自由采食所有日粮时，188 pmol PrRP导致对HP日粮的优先摄入量（P < 0.0001）高于HC和HF日粮。
HP日粮增强了肉仔鸡对PrRP刺激采食量作用的敏感性，而PrRP反过来增加了对HP日粮的偏好。因此，饮食中常量营养素组成影响PrRP介导的采食量，而PrRP反过来影响肉仔鸡的营养摄入和转录调控。
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