Hoffmann Ary A, Ross Perran A, Rašić Gordana
Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Parkville, Vic., Australia.
Evol Appl. 2015 Sep;8(8):751-68. doi: 10.1111/eva.12286. Epub 2015 Jul 20.
Wolbachia are endosymbionts found in many insects with the potential to suppress vectorborne diseases, particularly through interfering with pathogen transmission. Wolbachia strains are highly variable in their effects on hosts, raising the issue of which attributes should be selected to ensure that the best strains are developed for disease control. This depends on their ability to suppress viral transmission, invade host populations, persist without loss of viral suppression and not interfere with other control strategies. The potential to achieve these objectives is likely to involve evolutionary constraints; viral suppression may be limited by the ability of infections to spread due to deleterious host fitness effects. However, there are exceptions to these patterns in both natural infections and in novel associations generated following interspecific transfer, suggesting that pathogen blockage, deleterious fitness effects and changes to reproductive biology might be at least partly decoupled to achieve ideal infection attributes. The stability of introduced Wolbachia and its effects on viral transmission remain unclear, but rapid evolutionary changes seem unlikely. Although deliberate transfers of Wolbachia across species remain particularly challenging, the availability of strains with desirable attributes should be expanded, taking advantage of the diversity available across thousands of strains in natural populations.
沃尔巴克氏体是在许多昆虫体内发现的内共生菌，具有抑制媒介传播疾病的潜力，特别是通过干扰病原体传播来实现。沃尔巴克氏体菌株对宿主的影响差异很大，这就提出了一个问题，即应该选择哪些特性来确保开发出用于疾病控制的最佳菌株。这取决于它们抑制病毒传播、侵入宿主种群、在不丧失病毒抑制能力的情况下持续存在以及不干扰其他控制策略的能力。实现这些目标的潜力可能涉及进化限制；由于对宿主适应性产生有害影响，感染传播能力可能会限制病毒抑制作用。然而，在自然感染以及种间转移后产生的新关联中，这些模式都有例外情况，这表明病原体阻断、有害适应性影响和生殖生物学变化可能至少部分解耦，以实现理想的感染特性。引入的沃尔巴克氏体的稳定性及其对病毒传播的影响尚不清楚，但快速的进化变化似乎不太可能。尽管将沃尔巴克氏体跨物种进行有意转移仍然极具挑战性，但应利用自然种群中数千种菌株的多样性，扩大具有理想特性的菌株的可获得性。
