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吃午餐的时间与儿童对学校主餐、水果、蔬菜和牛奶的选择及摄入量有关。

Amount of Time to Eat Lunch Is Associated with Children's Selection and Consumption of School Meal Entrée, Fruits, Vegetables, and Milk.

作者信息

Cohen Juliana F W, Jahn Jaquelyn L, Richardson Scott, Cluggish Sarah A, Parker Ellen, Rimm Eric B

出版信息

J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Jan;116(1):123-128. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.07.019. Epub 2015 Sep 11.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

There are currently no national standards for school lunch period length and little is known about the association between the amount of time students have to eat and school food selection and consumption.

OBJECTIVE

Our aim was to examine plate-waste measurements from students in the control arm of the Modifying Eating and Lifestyles at School study (2011 to 2012 school year) to determine the association between amount of time to eat and school meal selection and consumption.

DESIGN

We used a prospective study design using up to six repeated measures among students during the school year.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: One thousand and one students in grades 3 to 8 attending six participating elementary and middle schools in an urban, low-income school district where lunch period lengths varied from 20 to 30 minutes were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

School food selection and consumption were collected using plate-waste methodology.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED

Logistic regression and mixed-model analysis of variance was used to examine food selection and consumption.

RESULTS

Compared with meal-component selection when students had at least 25 minutes to eat, students were significantly less likely to select a fruit (44% vs 57%; P<0.0001) when they had <20 minutes to eat. There were no significant differences in entrée, milk, or vegetable selections. Among those who selected a meal component, students with <20 minutes to eat consumed 13% less of their entrée (P<0.0001), 10% less of their milk (P<0.0001), and 12% less of their vegetable (P<0.0001) compared with students who had at least 25 minutes to eat.

CONCLUSIONS

During the school year, a substantial number of students had insufficient time to eat, which was associated with significantly decreased entrée, milk, and vegetable consumption compared with students who had more time to eat. School policies that encourage lunches with at least 25 minutes of seated time might reduce food waste and improve dietary intake.

摘要

背景

目前尚无关于学校午餐时长的国家标准,对于学生用餐时间与学校食物选择及摄入量之间的关联也知之甚少。

目的

我们的目标是研究“在校改变饮食与生活方式”研究(2011至2012学年)对照组学生的餐盘食物剩余量测量结果,以确定用餐时间与学校膳食选择及摄入量之间的关联。

设计

我们采用前瞻性研究设计,在学年期间对学生进行多达六项重复测量。

参与者/研究地点:纳入了来自一个城市低收入学区的六所参与研究的小学和初中的1001名三至八年级学生,该学区午餐时长从20分钟到30分钟不等。

主要结局指标

使用餐盘食物剩余量方法收集学校食物选择和摄入量数据。

所进行的统计分析

采用逻辑回归和混合模型方差分析来研究食物选择和摄入量。

结果

与用餐时间至少有25分钟时的膳食成分选择相比,用餐时间不足20分钟的学生选择水果的可能性显著降低(44%对57%;P<0.0001)。主菜、牛奶或蔬菜的选择没有显著差异。在选择了膳食成分的学生中,用餐时间不足20分钟的学生与用餐时间至少有25分钟的学生相比,主菜摄入量减少了13%(P<0.0001),牛奶摄入量减少了10%(P<0.0001),蔬菜摄入量减少了12%(P<0.0001)。

结论

在学年期间,相当数量的学生用餐时间不足,与用餐时间较长的学生相比,这与主菜、牛奶和蔬菜摄入量显著减少有关。鼓励至少有25分钟就座用餐时间的学校政策可能会减少食物浪费并改善饮食摄入量。

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