Yalçın S Songül, Yalçın Suzan, Kurtuluş-Yiğit Elif
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara.
Turk J Pediatr. 2014 Nov-Dec;56(6):581-91.
Continued breastfeeding at year 1 is one of the core indicators for assessing global infant and young child feeding practices. The study aims to determine the frequency of breastfeeding after 12 months (long-term breastfeeding) according to a number of infant and maternal characteristics and to investigate the effects of long-term breastfeeding on the nutritional habits and growth status of children as seen in the national data. The sample included 1666 children aged 12 to 35 months from the 2003 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Only 55.9% of children were breastfed beyond 12 months. The rates of long-term breastfeeding were higher in the presence of the following characteristics: high birth order, long preceding birth interval, religious marriage ceremony, usage of traditional contraceptive methods, mothers aged 30-34 years and overweight mothers. Rates were lower for mothers with tobacco exposure and for bottle-fed infants. Long-term breastfeeding did not affect the consumption of plain yogurt, solid foods and semi-solid foods; however, it was associated with a decreased intake of bottled milk and fruit juice. The rates of long-term breastfeeding were similar in the case of undernourished children and of those with normal growth status. Long-term breastfeeding was related to certain maternal and infant characteristics; however, it did not affect the consumption of complementary food. Breastfeeding promotion programs should include targeted interventions for younger, primiparous and smoking mothers.
一岁时继续母乳喂养是评估全球婴幼儿喂养方式的核心指标之一。该研究旨在根据一些婴儿和母亲的特征确定12个月后母乳喂养的频率（长期母乳喂养），并根据国家数据调查长期母乳喂养对儿童营养习惯和生长状况的影响。样本包括来自2003年土耳其人口与健康调查的1666名12至35个月大的儿童。只有55.9%的儿童在12个月后仍在接受母乳喂养。在具备以下特征的情况下，长期母乳喂养的比例较高：高出生顺序、较长的前次生育间隔、宗教婚礼仪式、使用传统避孕方法、年龄在30 - 34岁的母亲以及超重母亲。有烟草接触史的母亲和人工喂养婴儿的长期母乳喂养率较低。长期母乳喂养对纯酸奶、固体食物和半固体食物的摄入量没有影响；然而，它与瓶装牛奶和果汁摄入量的减少有关。营养不良儿童和生长状况正常的儿童长期母乳喂养率相似。长期母乳喂养与某些母婴特征有关；然而，它不影响辅食的摄入量。母乳喂养促进项目应包括针对年轻、初产和吸烟母亲的有针对性的干预措施。
