Pike Kerryn E, Zeneli Amina, Ong Ben, Price Sarah, Kinsella Glynda J
School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Psychology, Caulfield Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;47(3):705-13. doi: 10.3233/JAD-150062.
Cognitive interventions for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are best targeted at the preclinical stages, and subjective memory decline (SMD) without objective memory impairment on standard tests in older adults may represent a very early preclinical stage. Elaborated encoding effectively enhances memory performance for healthy older adults (HOAs), but has not been examined in people with SMD.
To examine elaborated encoding in people with SMD, compared with HOAs.
Participants were 32 HOAs and 22 people with SMD, defined using the Memory Complaint Questionnaire. Participants completed a verbal paired associate learning (PAL) task with delayed recall under elaborated and non-elaborated encoding conditions, as well as the California Verbal Learning Test-II.
On the PAL learning trials, with age controlled, a significant interaction of group X encoding condition emerged, F(1, 51) = 6.47, MSE = 6.54, p = 0.014, ηp² = 0.11. Simple main effects revealed no differences between groups in the non-elaborated condition, but in the elaborated condition HOAs recalled more pairs than SMD, although both groups benefited from elaboration. At delayed recall, HOA recalled more pairs than SMD, F(1, 51) = 4.59, p = 0.037, ηp²= 0.08, and both groups benefited from elaboration, F(1, 52) = 19.25, p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.27.
People with SMD benefit from elaborated encoding, although not to the same extent as HOAs. This objective difference in complex learning and memory suggests neural changes in SMD that may represent preclinical AD. Elaborated encoding is a promising technique to help maintain memory and decrease anxiety in this at-risk population.
针对神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病（AD））的认知干预措施，最好在临床前阶段实施，而老年人在标准测试中出现主观记忆衰退（SMD）但无客观记忆损害，可能代表着非常早期的临床前阶段。精细编码能有效提高健康老年人（HOAs）的记忆表现，但尚未在有SMD的人群中进行研究。
将有SMD的人群与HOAs进行比较，研究精细编码在有SMD的人群中的情况。
参与者包括32名HOAs和22名有SMD的人，后者通过记忆投诉问卷进行定义。参与者在精细编码和非精细编码条件下完成了一项言语配对联想学习（PAL）任务，并进行延迟回忆，同时还完成了加利福尼亚言语学习测试-II。
在PAL学习试验中，控制年龄后，出现了显著的组×编码条件交互作用，F(1, 51) = 6.47，均方误差 = 6.54，p = 0.014，偏 eta 平方 = 0.11。简单主效应显示，在非精细编码条件下，两组之间没有差异，但在精细编码条件下，HOAs回忆的配对比SMD更多，尽管两组都从精细编码中受益。在延迟回忆时，HOA回忆的配对比SMD更多，F(1, 51) = 4.59，p = 0.037，偏 eta 平方 = 0.08，且两组都从精细编码中受益，F(1, 52) = 19.25，p < 0.001，偏 eta 平方 = 0.27。
有SMD的人群从精细编码中受益，尽管程度不如HOAs。这种在复杂学习和记忆方面的客观差异表明，SMD中存在神经变化，可能代表临床前AD。精细编码是一种有前景的技术，有助于在这一高危人群中维持记忆并减轻焦虑。
