Zunjic Aleksandar, Brkic Vesna Spasojevic, Klarin Milivoj, Brkic Aleksandar, Krstic Dragan
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Tehnicki fakultet Mihajlo Pupin, University of Novi Sad, Zrenjanin, Serbia.
Work. 2015;52(1):185-94. doi: 10.3233/WOR-152042.
Work of crane operators is very difficult and demanding. Therefore, it is very important that the cabin of a crane be designed on the basis of relevant anthropometric data. However, it is very difficult to find a research that considers anthropometric convenience of crane cabins.
From the theoretical viewpoint, it is important to perceive and to classify effects of the anthropometric incompatibility of crane cabins. Globally, the objective is to consider the anthropometric convenience of existing crane cabins, and possibilities for improvements of their design from the ergonomic point of view. In this regard, it is significant to detect constraints that impede or hinder the work of the crane operators, which could be overcome with certain anthropometric solutions. The main objective is to examine whether and to what extent is justifiable to use anthropometric data that are obtained on the basis of general (national) population, during designing the crane cabins.
For the assessment of existing crane cabins and the work of operators, four methods were used: observation of the work of the operators and design solutions of the cabins, the checklist approach, interviewing of operators and the experimental research based on obtaining the data on the population of crane operators.
Results of the analysis based on the method of observation, analysis based on the application of the checklist, as well as interviewing of the operators indicate that certain construction constraints of the components in the cabins are the main reasons of reduced visibility and improper working postures of operators. All this has caused the emergence of continuous musculoskeletal loading of the crane operators. The results of the anthropometric research that were obtained on the population of crane operators in this case study suggest that there is a statistically significant difference, when compared data of this population of workers with anthropometric data from the general population.
Analyzed workplaces in crane cabins do not correspond to the majority of operators from the anthropometric standpoint. The conducted anthropometric analysis has been indicated that could be made the mistake, if dimensions of the cabin and layout of equipment would be relied on data derived from the general population of citizens. In order to achieve greater precision in the design and configuration of equipment, it is recommended using the data that are obtained directly on the population of the crane operators when designing the cabin.
起重机操作员的工作非常困难且要求苛刻。因此，基于相关人体测量数据来设计起重机驾驶室非常重要。然而，很难找到一项考虑起重机驾驶室人体测量便利性的研究。
从理论角度来看，认识并分类起重机驾驶室人体测量不兼容的影响很重要。总体而言，目的是考虑现有起重机驾驶室的人体测量便利性，以及从人体工程学角度改进其设计的可能性。在这方面，检测阻碍或妨碍起重机操作员工作的限制因素很重要，这些因素可通过某些人体测量解决方案来克服。主要目的是研究在设计起重机驾驶室时，使用基于普通（全国）人群获得的人体测量数据是否合理以及在何种程度上合理。
为评估现有起重机驾驶室及操作员的工作，使用了四种方法：观察操作员的工作及驾驶室的设计方案、清单法、访谈操作员以及基于获取起重机操作员群体数据的实验研究。
基于观察法的分析结果、基于清单应用的分析结果以及对操作员的访谈表明，驾驶室内部件的某些结构限制是操作员视野受限和工作姿势不当的主要原因。所有这些都导致起重机操作员持续承受肌肉骨骼负荷。本案例研究中针对起重机操作员群体进行的人体测量研究结果表明，将该工人群体的数据与普通人群的人体测量数据进行比较时，存在统计学上的显著差异。
从人体测量学角度来看，起重机驾驶室内经分析的工作场所与大多数操作员不匹配。所进行的人体测量分析表明，如果依据普通公民群体的数据来确定驾驶室尺寸和设备布局，可能会犯错。为了在设备设计和配置上实现更高的精度，建议在设计驾驶室时使用直接从起重机操作员群体获得的数据。
