尼泊尔纳瓦尔帕拉西县学童的口腔健康状况
Oral Health Condition of School Children in Nawalparasi District, Nepal.
作者信息
Thapa P, Aryal K K, Dhimal M, Mehata S, Pokhrel A U, Pandit A, Pandey A R, Bista B, Dhakal P, Karki K B, Pradhan S
机构信息
Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Nepal Health Sector Support Programme, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu,Nepal.
出版信息
J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2015 Jan-Apr;13(29):7-13.
BACKGROUND
Oral diseases and feeding habits are inextricably linked. Significance of assessing oral health conditions among the school children therefore exists. The current study investigated the oral health condition among 5-6 years and 12-13 years children in Nawalparasi district, Nepal.
METHODS
Recruiting 1,000 school children aged (5-6) and (12-13) years in Nawalparasi district, a cross-sectional study was carried out from November to December, 2014. Data assembled from standard instrument was entered in Epi-Data 3.1, cleaned in SPSS version 16.0, and analyzed in Epi Info 3.5.4.
RESULTS
Of 12-13 years children, three out of ten (32.0%, 95% CI: 27.8-36.4) suffered from occasional dental discomfort and pain, and 8.1% (95% CI: 5.9-11.0) often experienced dental discomfort and pain during the last 12 months. It was 73.6% (95% CI: 69.3-77.4) who brushed teeth at least once a day, while another 20.7% (95% CI: 17.2-24.7) brushed twice a day. Among all children, 86.1% (95% CI: 82.6-89.1) used toothpaste to brush the teeth. A three-fourth (73.8%, 95% CI: 69.5-77.7) drank tea with sugar daily. Dental caries was visible on 42.2% (95% CI: 37.7-46.8) (mean DMFT score 2.3 ± 1.5). Likewise, a quarter (24.1%, 95% CI: 20.3-28.3) had gingival bleeding, 10.9% (95% CI: 8.3-14.1) questionable enamel fluorosis, 4.5% (95% CI: 2.9-6.9) dental trauma, and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.8-3.5) oral mucosal lesion. Referral for preventive/routine treatment was observed in 40.5% (95% CI: 36.145.1). Among 5-6 years old children, a remarkable proportion of dental caries (64.4%, 95% CI: 59.2-69.4 and mean DMFT score 4.4 ± 3.0) was noted. Statistics of enamel fluorosis, dental trauma, and oral mucosal lesions in this age group were: 3.1% (95% CI: 1.6-5.6), 1.7% (95% CI: 0.7-3.8), and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.4-3.0) respectively. About 40.1% (95% CI: 35.0-45.4) were referred for preventive treatment, and the rest for prompt treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Oral health of the children was poor, chiefly dental carries remained widespread. Dental hygiene awareness should be promoted in schools in active coordination and collaboration with education authorities.
背景
口腔疾病与饮食习惯有着千丝万缕的联系。因此，评估学龄儿童口腔健康状况具有重要意义。本研究调查了尼泊尔纳瓦尔帕拉西县5至6岁和12至13岁儿童的口腔健康状况。
方法
在纳瓦尔帕拉西县招募了1000名年龄在（5 - 6）岁和（12 - 13）岁的学龄儿童，于2014年11月至12月进行了一项横断面研究。从标准仪器收集的数据录入Epi - Data 3.1，在SPSS 16.0版本中进行清理，并在Epi Info 3.5.4中进行分析。
结果
在12至13岁的儿童中，十分之三（32.0%，95%可信区间：27.8 - 36.4）偶尔会出现牙齿不适和疼痛，在过去12个月中，8.1%（95%可信区间：5.9 - 11.0）经常经历牙齿不适和疼痛。每天至少刷牙一次的比例为73.6%（95%可信区间：69.3 - 77.4），而另外20.7%（95%可信区间：17.2 - 24.7）每天刷牙两次。在所有儿童中，86.1%（95%可信区间：82.6 - 89.1）使用牙膏刷牙。四分之三（73.8%，95%可信区间：69.5 - 77.7）的儿童每天喝加糖的茶。42.2%（95%可信区间：37.7 - 46.8）的儿童有龋齿（平均DMFT得分2.3±1.5）。同样，四分之一（24.1%，95%可信区间：20.3 - 28.3）的儿童有牙龈出血，10.9%（95%可信区间：8.3 - 14.1）有可疑的釉质氟斑牙，4.5%（95%可信区间：2.9 - 6.9）有牙齿外伤，1.7%（95%可信区间：0.8 - 3.5）有口腔黏膜病变。40.5%（95%可信区间：36.1 - 45.1）的儿童被转诊进行预防性/常规治疗。在5至6岁的儿童中，发现龋齿的比例相当高（64.4%，95%可信区间：59.2 - 69.4，平均DMFT得分4.4±3.0）。该年龄组釉质氟斑牙、牙齿外伤和口腔黏膜病变的统计数据分别为：3.1%（95%可信区间：1.6 - 5.6）、1.7%（95%可信区间：0.7 - 3.8）和1.1%（95%可信区间：0.4 - 3.0）。约40.1%（95%可信区间：35.0 - 45.4）的儿童被转诊进行预防性治疗，其余儿童被转诊进行及时治疗。
结论
儿童的口腔健康状况较差，主要是龋齿仍然普遍存在。应与教育当局积极协调与合作，在学校中提高口腔卫生意识。
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