Gonthier Corentin, Thomassin Noémylle
University of Grenoble.
University of Savoy.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2015 Oct;144(5):916-924. doi: 10.1037/xge0000101.
Working memory capacity consistently correlates with fluid intelligence. It has been suggested that this relationship is partly attributable to strategy use: Participants with high working memory capacity would use more effective strategies, in turn leading to higher performance on fluid intelligence tasks. However, this idea has never been directly investigated. In 2 experiments, we tested this hypothesis by directly manipulating strategy use in a combined experimental-correlational approach (Experiment 1; N = 250) and by measuring strategy use with a self-report questionnaire (Experiment 2; N = 93). Inducing all participants to use an effective strategy in Raven's matrices decreased the correlation between working memory capacity and performance; the strategy use measure fully mediated the relationship between working memory capacity and performance on the matrices task. These findings indicate that individual differences in strategic behavior drive the predictive utility of working memory. We interpret the results within a theoretical framework integrating the multiple mediators of the relationship between working memory capacity and high-level cognition.
工作记忆容量始终与流体智力相关。有人认为，这种关系部分归因于策略的使用：工作记忆容量高的参与者会使用更有效的策略，进而在流体智力任务上表现得更好。然而，这一观点从未得到直接研究。在两项实验中，我们通过在综合实验 - 相关方法中直接操纵策略使用（实验1；N = 250）以及通过使用自我报告问卷测量策略使用（实验2；N = 93）来检验这一假设。诱导所有参与者在瑞文推理测验中使用有效策略降低了工作记忆容量与表现之间的相关性；策略使用测量完全中介了工作记忆容量与矩阵任务表现之间的关系。这些发现表明，策略行为的个体差异驱动了工作记忆的预测效用。我们在一个整合了工作记忆容量与高级认知之间关系的多个中介因素的理论框架内解释这些结果。
