Kalli Sirishma, Lanfranchi Michael, Alexander Andrew, Makim Shital, Freer Phoebe E
Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2016 Nov-Dec;45(6):392-401. doi: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.07.012. Epub 2015 Jul 30.
Although primary breast cancer is the most common malignancy identified by breast imaging, extramammary malignancies may also rarely be encountered. These uncommon lesions may reflect primary neoplasms of nonmammary origin as well as secondary metastatic lesions, and include lymphoma, melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, gastrointestinal tract malignancies, and angiosarcoma among other entities. Malignant extramammary breast lesions may be encountered during routine mammographic screening, identified during the diagnostic evaluation of a palpable breast abnormality, or may be detected incidentally during imaging of other organs of interest. As such, the radiologist should have familiarity with the appearance of these lesions. This article focuses on a review of several of the most common extramammary metastases to the breast, as well as a few lesions that may develop as either primary or secondary lesions.
虽然原发性乳腺癌是乳腺影像学检查中最常见的恶性肿瘤,但也可能很少遇到乳腺外恶性肿瘤。这些不常见的病变可能反映非乳腺来源的原发性肿瘤以及继发性转移瘤,包括淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤、神经内分泌肿瘤、胃肠道恶性肿瘤和血管肉瘤等。乳腺外恶性乳腺病变可能在常规乳腺钼靶筛查中发现,在对可触及的乳腺异常进行诊断评估时发现,或者在对其他感兴趣器官进行成像时偶然发现。因此,放射科医生应该熟悉这些病变的表现。本文重点回顾几种最常见的乳腺外转移至乳腺的情况,以及一些可能作为原发性或继发性病变出现的病变。