Pioneer neuron pathfinding from normal and ectopic locations in vivo after removal of the basal lamina.

The contribution of the basal lamina to Ti1 pioneer axon guidance in grasshopper limb buds was investigated by allowing growth cones to migrate in 30%-31% stage limbs from which the basal lamina had been removed by enzymatic treatment. When the Ti1 axons extended from their normal location, the pathways established in the absence of basal lamina were normal. This indicates that the basal lamina is not required for initial proximal axon outgrowth, recognition of limb segment boundaries, or selective interaction with neuronal somata. Removal of the basal lamina from slightly older (32% stage) embryos resulted in displacement of the Ti1 somata to ectopic locations in approximately 50% of the limbs. Pathfinding from ectopic locations was aberrant in 45% of the cases observed. This demonstrates that if orienting information is present in the basal lamina-free epithelium at this stage, it is not the predominant factor in determining growth cone orientation from ectopic locations.