Kanthan Rani, Senger Jenna-Lynn, Ahmed Shahid, Kanthan Selliah Chandra
Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W8.
Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7.
J Oncol. 2015;2015:967472. doi: 10.1155/2015/967472. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon disease in the majority of the world despite being the most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tree. Early diagnosis is essential for improved prognosis; however, indolent and nonspecific clinical presentations with a paucity of pathognomonic/predictive radiological features often preclude accurate identification of GBC at an early stage. As such, GBC remains a highly lethal disease, with only 10% of all patients presenting at a stage amenable to surgical resection. Among this select population, continued improvements in survival during the 21st century are attributable to aggressive radical surgery with improved surgical techniques. This paper reviews the current available literature of the 21st century on PubMed and Medline to provide a detailed summary of the epidemiology and risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiology, pathology, management, and prognosis of GBC.
尽管胆囊癌（GBC）是胆管树中最常见且侵袭性最强的恶性肿瘤，但在世界大多数地区它仍是一种罕见疾病。早期诊断对于改善预后至关重要；然而，其临床表现隐匿且不具特异性，缺乏特征性/预测性的放射学特征，这常常使得在早期难以准确识别GBC。因此，GBC仍然是一种高致死性疾病，所有患者中只有10%在适合手术切除的阶段就诊。在这一特定人群中，21世纪生存率的持续提高归因于采用了改进的手术技术进行积极的根治性手术。本文回顾了21世纪PubMed和Medline上现有的文献，以详细总结GBC的流行病学、危险因素、发病机制、临床表现、放射学、病理学、治疗及预后情况。
