State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Nov;22(21):17249-52. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5487-2. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), as one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), is of great concern globally because of its persistence in the environment and negative impacts on humans and animals. HBCDD has been mainly used in flame-retarded expanded (EPS) and extruded (XPS) polystyrene foams for insulation in the construction industry. Most of these products will become a part of the construction and demolition (C&D) waste at the end of their life cycle (30-50 years) which is typically disposed of into landfills or incineration. However, the recycling of this material takes quite a low share compared with landfill and incineration. Consequently, high environmental risks will exist in these disposal approaches due to the HBCDD in C&D waste. Currently, XPS or EPS products containing HBCDD in the construction industry have not reached the end of their life cycle in most countries. Relatively little attention has been paid to this emergency issue by either the government or public. Furthermore, C&D waste is most likely disposed of by direct dumping, simple stacking, or open burning in developing countries. Therefore, this paper highlights the global environmental risks of HBCDD from C&D waste. Areas of research for key problems of HBCDD contained in C&D waste are suggested to help control and finally eliminate the impact.
六溴环十二烷（HBCDD）作为最广泛使用的溴系阻燃剂（BFRs）之一，因其在环境中的持久性以及对人类和动物的负面影响而受到全球关注。HBCDD 主要用于建筑行业中作为隔热材料的阻燃膨胀聚苯乙烯（EPS）和挤出聚苯乙烯（XPS）泡沫。这些产品中的大多数在其生命周期结束时（30-50 年）将成为建筑和拆除（C&D）废物的一部分，通常被处置到垃圾填埋场或焚烧厂。然而，与填埋和焚烧相比，这种材料的回收利用率相当低。因此，由于 C&D 废物中的 HBCDD，这些处理方法将存在高环境风险。目前，建筑行业中含有 HBCDD 的 XPS 或 EPS 产品在大多数国家尚未达到其生命周期的终点。政府或公众对这一紧急问题相对关注较少。此外，发展中国家最有可能直接倾倒、简单堆放或露天焚烧 C&D 废物。因此，本文重点介绍了 C&D 废物中 HBCDD 的全球环境风险。建议针对 C&D 废物中 HBCDD 所含关键问题的研究领域，以帮助控制并最终消除其影响。
