Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.
Dynamical Neuroscience, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015 Nov;1359:47-64. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12940. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
A growing body of evidence suggests that reasoning in humans relies on a number of related processes whose neural loci are largely lateralized to one hemisphere or the other. A recent review of this evidence concluded that the patterns of lateralization observed are organized according to two complementary tendencies. The left hemisphere attempts to reduce uncertainty by drawing inferences or creating explanations, even at the cost of ignoring conflicting evidence or generating implausible explanations. Conversely, the right hemisphere aims to reduce conflict by rejecting or refining explanations that are no longer tenable in the face of new evidence. In healthy adults, the hemispheres work together to achieve a balance between certainty and consistency, and a wealth of neuropsychological research supports the notion that upsetting this balance results in various failures in reasoning, including delusions. However, support for this model from the neuroimaging literature is mixed. Here, we examine the evidence for this framework from multiple research domains, including an activation likelihood estimation analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of reasoning. Our results suggest a need to either revise this model as it applies to healthy adults or to develop better tools for assessing lateralization in these individuals.
越来越多的证据表明，人类的推理依赖于许多相关的过程，这些过程的神经中枢主要偏向于大脑的一侧或另一侧。最近对这些证据的综述得出结论，观察到的侧化模式是根据两种互补的趋势组织起来的。左半球试图通过推理或解释来减少不确定性，即使这是以忽略冲突证据或产生不合理解释为代价的。相反，右半球的目的是通过拒绝或改进那些在面对新证据时不再站得住脚的解释来减少冲突。在健康的成年人中，大脑的两个半球共同努力，在确定性和一致性之间取得平衡，大量神经心理学研究支持这样一种观点，即打破这种平衡会导致推理的各种失败，包括妄想。然而，神经影像学文献对该模型的支持是混杂的。在这里，我们从多个研究领域研究了这一框架的证据，包括对推理的功能磁共振成像研究进行激活似然估计分析。我们的结果表明，需要对适用于健康成年人的模型进行修正，或者开发更好的工具来评估这些人的侧化。
