Faille Arnaud, Tänzler Rene, Toussaint Emmanuel F A
From the SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstraße 21 81247 Munich, Germany (Faille, Tänzler, and Toussaint); Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 (Toussaint).
J Hered. 2015 Nov-Dec;106(6):692-9. doi: 10.1093/jhered/esv078. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
The highly modified morphology and ecological features of cave-dwelling organisms are a strong obstacle to dispersion. Hence, they represent ideal models for the study of historical biogeography at both large and fine timescales. Here, we study the phylogeography of Aphaenops cerberus, an endemic hypogean ground beetle with a fragmented distribution in the French Northern Pyrenees. We extracted 75 exemplars of 17 populations of A. cerberus and sequenced one mitochondrial and one nuclear marker to assess the geographic structuration as well as the recent biogeographic history of this species. We used Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood to reconstruct the relationships among most of the extant populations of this species across its distributional range. We inferred divergence time estimates using carabid substitution rates and reconstructed haplotype networks to investigate the recent biogeographic history of this lineage. We recover a strong geographic structuration of the populations across the mountain range. The strong impact of geology on the structure of the populations is evidenced although geological continuity does not systematically lead to continual gene flow. The origin of the species is dated from the Early Pleistocene and the dispersal predates the main Last Glacial Maximum. Our results indicate broad similitudes between islands and karsts, which make cave organisms an excellent model for the study of evolution mechanisms.
穴居生物高度特化的形态和生态特征是其扩散的强大障碍。因此，它们是大尺度和精细尺度历史生物地理学研究的理想模型。在此，我们研究了阿氏盲步甲（Aphaenops cerberus）的系统地理学，这是一种分布于法国北比利牛斯山脉且分布破碎的地方性地下甲虫。我们从17个阿氏盲步甲种群中提取了75个样本，并对一个线粒体标记和一个核标记进行测序，以评估该物种的地理结构以及近期生物地理历史。我们使用贝叶斯推断和最大似然法来重建该物种分布范围内现存大多数种群之间的关系。我们利用步甲科的替换率推断分歧时间估计，并重建单倍型网络以研究该谱系近期的生物地理历史。我们发现整个山脉的种群具有很强的地理结构。尽管地质连续性并不一定会导致持续的基因流动，但地质对种群结构的强烈影响是有证据的。该物种起源于早更新世，其扩散早于末次盛冰期。我们的结果表明岛屿和喀斯特地区之间存在广泛的相似性，这使得洞穴生物成为研究进化机制的优秀模型。
