da Cunha Luana Dias, Proença Mariana Almeida Melo, Rodrigues Vandilson Pinheiro, Pereira Adriana Fátima Vasconcelos, Benatti Bruno Braga
Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil.
Department of Morphology, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil.
Eur J Dent. 2015 Jul-Sep;9(3):324-328. doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.163322.
Periodontal disease is a set of inflammatory infections that affect the supporting structures of the dentition. Patients with visual impairment (VI) may have more difficulty in cleaning and maintaining oral health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between periodontal status and degree of VI in institutionalized individuals.
Fifty-two visually impaired individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. The periodontal parameters assessed were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and visible plaque index. The degree of VI was established as: Group 1 (mild or moderate VI), Group 2 (severe or profound VI), and Group 3 (completely blind); and the types of VI were considered as congenital and acquired. Fisher's exact, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%.
Only plaque index was higher on proximal surfaces of subjects with mild/moderate VI when compared to the other degrees of VI (P = 0.01). Furthermore, we observed higher values for interproximal CAL (P = 0.01), total PD (P = 0.04), and interproximal PD in subjects with acquired VI when compared to subjects with congenital VI (P = 0.01).
These findings suggest that periodontal status may be more related to the type of disability than with the degree of VI. Acquired VI people presented a worse periodontal health than the group with congenital VI.
牙周病是一组影响牙列支持结构的炎症性感染。视力障碍（VI）患者在清洁和保持口腔健康方面可能有更大困难。本研究的目的是调查机构化个体中牙周状况与视力障碍程度之间的可能关系。
本横断面研究纳入了52名视力障碍个体。评估的牙周参数包括临床附着水平（CAL）、探诊深度（PD）和可见菌斑指数。视力障碍程度分为：第1组（轻度或中度视力障碍）、第2组（重度或极重度视力障碍）和第3组（完全失明）；视力障碍类型分为先天性和后天性。采用Fisher精确检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验、Mann-Whitney检验和Spearman相关系数检验。显著性水平设定为5%。
与其他视力障碍程度相比，轻度/中度视力障碍患者近中面的菌斑指数仅更高（P = 0.01）。此外，我们观察到，与先天性视力障碍患者相比，后天性视力障碍患者的近中CAL值更高（P = 0.01）、总PD值更高（P = 0.04）以及近中PD值更高（P = 0.01）。
这些发现表明，牙周状况可能与残疾类型的关系比与视力障碍程度的关系更大。后天性视力障碍患者的牙周健康状况比先天性视力障碍组更差。
