Macrae C Neil, Mitchell Jason P, Tait Kirsten A, McNamara Diana L, Golubickis Marius, Topalidis Pavlos P, Christian Brittany M
School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2015 Dec;37:207-13. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.09.009. Epub 2015 Oct 1.
A widely endorsed belief is that perceivers imagine their present selves using a different representational format than imagining their future selves (i.e., near future=first-person; distant future=third-person). But is this really the case? Responding to the paucity of work on this topic, here we considered how temporal distance influences the extent to which individuals direct their attention outward or inward during a brief imaginary episode. Using a non-verbal measure of visual perspective taking (i.e., letter-drawing task) our results confirmed the hypothesized relation between temporal distance and conceptions of the self. Whereas simulations of an event in the near future were dominated by a first-person representation of the self, this switched to a third-person depiction when the event was located in the distant future. Critically, this switch in vantage point was restricted to self-related simulations. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are considered.
一种广泛认可的观点是,感知者想象当下的自我时所使用的表征形式与想象未来的自我时不同(即,近期未来=第一人称;远期未来=第三人称)。但实际情况真的如此吗?鉴于关于该主题的研究较少,我们在此探讨了时间距离如何影响个体在短暂想象过程中向外或向内引导注意力的程度。通过一种非言语的视觉视角采择测量方法(即字母绘画任务),我们的研究结果证实了时间距离与自我概念之间的假设关系。近期未来事件的模拟以自我的第一人称表征为主,而当事件处于远期未来时,这种表征则转变为第三人称描述。关键在于,这种视角的转变仅限于与自我相关的模拟。我们还考虑了这些发现的理论和实际意义。