Reig-Alcaraz María, Siles-González José, Solano-Ruiz Carmen
Nursing Department, University of Alicante, Culture of Care Research Group, Spain.
J Adv Nurs. 2016 Feb;72(2):245-60. doi: 10.1111/jan.12823. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
To synthesize knowledge, attitudes and experiences of health professionals about Female Genital Mutilation.
Despite the World Health Organization campaigning to stop FGM, and it being illegal in many countries, the practice remains common in some countries and cultures. Migration has contributed to the growth of this practice in countries where it was not previously carried out.
Mixed-method synthesis.
Search of ten electronic databases: 2006-2014. Manual scanning of reference lists and summary feeds from international organizations such as WHO, UN and UNICEF.
Thematic synthesis comparing country of origin where the practice was common with country of residence where migrant women affected by the practice reside. 17 included descriptive, quantitative, qualitative studies and grey literature studies in English or Spanish.
Seven themes were developed: Ignorance of FGM practice and its consequences; Lack of adherence to FGM protocols and guidelines; Socially constructed acceptance of FGM; Ignorance of legislation and legal status of FGM; Condoning, sanctioning or supporting FGM; Lack of information and training; Nurses and Midwives as key to protecting and supporting girls and women
Although some nurses and midwives are in the forefront of eradicating FGM this is counterbalanced by health professionals (including nurses and midwives) who condone, sanction or support the practice with some calling for medicalization of FGM as a legitimate procedure. Girls at risk need better protection and women affected need more competent and cultural care from health professionals. Health and legal systems, professional regulation and governance, and professional training require strengthening to eradicate FGM, prevent the medicalization of FGM as an acceptable procedure, and to better manage the lifelong consequences for affected girls and women.
综合卫生专业人员对女性生殖器切割的知识、态度和经验。
尽管世界卫生组织开展了反对女性生殖器切割的运动，且该行为在许多国家都是非法的，但在一些国家和文化中这种做法仍然很普遍。移民导致这种做法在以前未实施的国家有所增加。
混合方法综合研究。
检索2006 - 2014年的十个电子数据库。人工查阅世界卫生组织、联合国和联合国儿童基金会等国际组织的参考文献列表和摘要资料。
采用主题综合研究方法，比较女性生殖器切割普遍存在的原籍国与受该行为影响的移民妇女居住的东道国。纳入了17项英文或西班牙文的描述性、定量、定性研究以及灰色文献研究。
归纳出七个主题：对女性生殖器切割做法及其后果的无知；不遵守女性生殖器切割的规程和准则；社会对女性生殖器切割的认可；对女性生殖器切割立法和法律地位的无知；容忍、认可或支持女性生殖器切割；信息和培训的缺乏；护士和助产士是保护和支持女童及妇女的关键
尽管一些护士和助产士站在根除女性生殖器切割的前沿，但也有卫生专业人员（包括护士和助产士）容忍、认可或支持这种做法，甚至有人呼吁将女性生殖器切割医疗化作为一种合法程序，这起到了抵消作用。面临风险的女童需要更好的保护，受影响的妇女需要卫生专业人员提供更有能力且符合文化习惯的护理。卫生和法律体系、专业监管与治理以及专业培训需要加强，以根除女性生殖器切割，防止将女性生殖器切割医疗化作为一种可接受的程序，并更好地应对受影响女童和妇女的终身后果。
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