Sanni Felix O, Sanni Elizabeth A, Onyeagwaibe Collins, Ahamuefula Tukwasi
Research and Development Department, Fescosof Data Solutions, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Aug;13(8):3084-3093. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1742_23. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is widely acknowledged globally as a violation of the fundamental human rights of girls and women. FGM is still widely practiced in Nigeria but at diminishing rates. Primary care physicians must educate and campaign to end this hazardous practice in Nigeria, especially in high-incidence areas. This study fills the knowledge gap by identifying FGM determinants to help policymakers reduce it.
The study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design using data from the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund for 2011, 2016-2017, and 2021. The sampling involved multistage cluster sampling. Data analysis utilized IBM-SPSS, presenting FGM prevalence across years and exploring associations with various factors.
This study analyzed 63,365 Nigerian women across a decade (2011, 2016-2017, and 2021). FGM awareness fluctuated (35.1% in 2016-2017, 33.0% in 2011, and 31.9% in 2021), while FGM prevalence increased from 46.6% (2011) to 69.5% (2021). Education correlated with lower FGM prevalence. Geographic disparities were observed, with the Southwest having the highest (70.1%) and the Northeast having the lowest (34.5%) prevalence. Religion influenced FGM rates, with Christians (54.2%) and those with other/no religion (58.0%) showing higher rates than Muslims (52.6%). Urban women had a slightly lower prevalence (52.6%) than rural women (54.2%), and wealth quintiles displayed variations. Variability was also evident among states, ranging from 2.0% to 86.3%. Daughters' circumcision was influenced by maternal circumcision status, education, region, religion, and wealth quintile. Common FGM procedures involved removing genital flesh (63.7%) and nicking without removal (55.1%), often performed by nurses/midwives (63.7%).
The study emphasized the urgent need for continuous awareness campaigns and education to combat FGM among Nigerian women. Education emerged as a critical factor in reducing FGM, highlighting the importance of investing in girls' education.
女性生殖器切割（FGM）在全球范围内被广泛认为是对女童和妇女基本人权的侵犯。女性生殖器切割在尼日利亚仍广泛存在，但实施率正在下降。初级保健医生必须开展教育和宣传活动，以在尼日利亚，特别是在高发病率地区，终止这种有害行为。本研究通过确定女性生殖器切割的决定因素来填补知识空白，以帮助政策制定者减少这种行为。
该研究采用回顾性横断面设计，使用了联合国国际儿童紧急基金2011年、2016 - 2017年和2021年的数据。抽样采用多阶段整群抽样。数据分析使用IBM-SPSS，呈现各年份的女性生殖器切割流行率，并探索与各种因素的关联。
本研究在十年间（2011年、2016 - 2017年和2021年）分析了63365名尼日利亚女性。女性生殖器切割知晓率有所波动（2016 - 2017年为35.1%，2011年为33.0%，2021年为31.9%），而女性生殖器切割流行率从2011年的46.6%上升至2021年的69.5%。教育程度与较低的女性生殖器切割流行率相关。观察到地理差异，西南部流行率最高（70.1%），东北部最低（34.5%）。宗教影响女性生殖器切割率，基督教徒（54.2%）和其他/无宗教信仰者（58.0%）的切割率高于穆斯林（52.6%）。城市女性的流行率（52.6%）略低于农村女性（54.2%），财富五分位数也存在差异。各州之间也存在差异，范围从2.0%到86.3%。女儿的割礼受母亲割礼状况、教育程度、地区、宗教和财富五分位数的影响。常见的女性生殖器切割手术包括切除生殖器组织（63.7%）和划破但不切除（55.1%），通常由护士/助产士实施（63.7%）。
该研究强调迫切需要持续开展提高认识运动和教育，以打击尼日利亚女性中的女性生殖器切割行为。教育成为减少女性生殖器切割的关键因素，凸显了投资女童教育的重要性。
