Cianfrocco Michael A, DeSantis Morgan E, Leschziner Andres E, Reck-Peterson Samara L
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2015;31:83-108. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125438. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Until recently, dynein was the least understood of the cytoskeletal motors. However, a wealth of new structural, mechanistic, and cell biological data is shedding light on how this complicated minus-end-directed, microtubule-based motor works. Cytoplasmic dynein-1 performs a wide array of functions in most eukaryotes, both in interphase, in which it transports organelles, proteins, mRNAs, and viruses, and in mitosis and meiosis. Mutations in dynein or its regulators are linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we begin by providing a synthesis of recent data to describe the current model of dynein's mechanochemical cycle. Next, we discuss regulators of dynein, with particular focus on those that directly interact with the motor to modulate its recruitment to microtubules, initiate cargo transport, or activate minus-end-directed motility.
直到最近，动力蛋白仍是细胞骨架马达中了解最少的一种。然而，大量新的结构、机制和细胞生物学数据正在揭示这种复杂的基于微管的负端定向马达是如何工作的。在大多数真核生物中，细胞质动力蛋白-1在间期（在此期间它运输细胞器、蛋白质、信使核糖核酸和病毒）以及有丝分裂和减数分裂中都发挥着广泛的功能。动力蛋白或其调节因子的突变与神经发育和神经退行性疾病有关。在这里，我们首先综合近期数据来描述动力蛋白机械化学循环的当前模型。接下来，我们讨论动力蛋白的调节因子，特别关注那些直接与马达相互作用以调节其与微管的结合、启动货物运输或激活负端定向运动的调节因子。
