van den Brink Nico W, Arblaster Jennifer A, Bowman Sarah R, Conder Jason M, Elliott John E, Johnson Mark S, Muir Derek C G, Natal-da-Luz Tiago, Rattner Barnett A, Sample Bradley E, Shore Richard F
Subdepartment of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Ramboll Environ Corp., Irvine, California, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2016 Jan;12(1):135-45. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1717. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
Field-based studies are an essential component of research addressing the behavior of organic chemicals, and a unique line of evidence that can be used to assess bioaccumulation potential in chemical registration programs and aid in development of associated laboratory and modeling efforts. To aid scientific and regulatory discourse on the application of terrestrial field data in this manner, this article provides practical recommendations regarding the generation and interpretation of terrestrial field data. Currently, biota-to-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are the most suitable bioaccumulation metrics that are applicable to bioaccumulation assessment evaluations and able to be generated from terrestrial field studies with relatively low uncertainty. Biomagnification factors calculated from field-collected samples of terrestrial carnivores and their prey appear to be particularly robust indicators of bioaccumulation potential. The use of stable isotope ratios for quantification of trophic relationships in terrestrial ecosystems needs to be further developed to resolve uncertainties associated with the calculation of terrestrial trophic magnification factors (TMFs). Sampling efforts for terrestrial field studies should strive for efficiency, and advice on optimization of study sample sizes, practical considerations for obtaining samples, selection of tissues for analysis, and data interpretation is provided. Although there is still much to be learned regarding terrestrial bioaccumulation, these recommendations provide some initial guidance to the present application of terrestrial field data as a line of evidence in the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation potential and a resource to inform laboratory and modeling efforts.
实地研究是研究有机化学品行为的重要组成部分，也是一条独特的证据线，可用于评估化学品注册程序中的生物累积潜力，并有助于相关实验室和建模工作的开展。为了促进以这种方式应用陆地实地数据的科学和监管讨论，本文提供了关于陆地实地数据生成和解释的实用建议。目前，生物群与土壤累积因子（BSAFs）、生物放大因子（BMFs）和生物累积因子（BAFs）是最适合用于生物累积评估的生物累积指标，并且能够从不确定性相对较低的陆地实地研究中得出。从实地采集的陆地食肉动物及其猎物样本计算得出的生物放大因子似乎是生物累积潜力的特别可靠指标。利用稳定同位素比率来量化陆地生态系统中的营养关系，这方面仍需进一步发展，以解决与陆地营养放大因子（TMFs）计算相关的不确定性。陆地实地研究的采样工作应力求高效，并提供了关于优化研究样本量、获取样本的实际考虑因素、分析组织的选择以及数据解释等方面的建议。尽管关于陆地生物累积仍有许多有待了解之处，但这些建议为目前将陆地实地数据作为评估化学品生物累积潜力的一条证据线以及为实验室和建模工作提供信息的资源提供了一些初步指导。
