Korngold Caleb, Ochoa Kristen, Inlender Talia, McNiel Dale, Binder Renée
Dr. Korngold is Psychiatry Section Chief, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China. Dr. Ochoa is Assistant Clinical Professor, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA. Ms. Inlender is also a staff attorney, Immigrants' Rights Project, Los Angeles, CA. Dr. McNeil is Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Binder is Professor and Director of Psychiatry and Law Program, Department of Psychiatry, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA.
J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2015 Sep;43(3):277-81.
Most immigrant detainees held in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities do not have legal representation, because immigration proceedings are a matter of civil, not criminal, law. In 2005, Mr. Franco, an immigrant from Mexico with an IQ between 35 and 55, was found incompetent to stand trial, but was not appointed an attorney for his immigration proceedings. This failure led to a class action lawsuit, known as the Franco litigation, and in April 2013, a federal judge ordered the U. S. government to provide legal representation for immigrant detainees in California, Arizona, and Washington who are incompetent to represent themselves due to a mental disorder or defect. This development has implications for forensic evaluators, because there is likely to be an increase in the number of competency examinations requested by courts for immigrant detainees. Furthermore, forensic evaluators must understand that an evaluation for competency of an immigrant detainee includes both the Dusky criteria and capacity for self-representation. In this article, we explore the legal context and ethics concerns related to the Franco litigation.
被关押在美国移民和海关执法局（ICE）设施中的大多数移民被拘留者没有法律代表，因为移民程序属于民事法律范畴，而非刑事法律范畴。2005年，来自墨西哥的移民弗朗哥先生智商在35至55之间，被认定无受审能力，但在其移民程序中未被指定律师。这一疏忽引发了一场集体诉讼，即弗朗哥诉讼案。2013年4月，一名联邦法官命令美国政府为加利福尼亚州、亚利桑那州和华盛顿州因精神障碍或缺陷而无自我辩护能力的移民被拘留者提供法律代表。这一进展对法医评估人员有影响，因为法院要求对移民被拘留者进行能力评估的数量可能会增加。此外，法医评估人员必须明白，对移民被拘留者能力的评估既包括达斯基标准，也包括自我辩护能力。在本文中，我们探讨与弗朗哥诉讼案相关的法律背景和伦理问题。
