Martínez-Ibarra J A, Nogueda-Torres B, Cárdenas-De la Cruz M Á, Villagrán M E, de Diego-Cabrera J A, Bustos-Saldaña R
Área de Entomología Médica,Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883,49000,Ciudad Guzmán,Jalisco,México.
Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,D. F.,México.
Bull Entomol Res. 2015 Dec;105(6):763-70. doi: 10.1017/S0007485315000759. Epub 2015 Oct 6.
Understanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus (Burmeister) is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiological importance of this group. Biological parameters related to egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and the accumulative mortality for each instar of three M. phyllosomus subspecies [Meccus phyllosomus pallidipennis (Stål), Meccus phyllosomus longipennis (Usinger), and Meccus phyllosomus picturatus (Usinger)] as well as their laboratory hybrids were evaluated and compared. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were recorded among the experimental hybrids (M. p. longipennis × M. p. pallidipennis, M. p. longipennis × M. p. picturatus, M. p. pallidipennis × M. p. picturatus) and reciprocal cohorts. In five of the six studied parameters (egg eclosion, egg-to-adult development time, number of blood meals to moult, number of laid eggs and accumulative mortality), with the exception of the non-significant percentage of females obtained among all the studied cohorts, at least one of the parental cohorts in each set of crosses exhibited better fitness results than by those of their hybrid descendants. The lack of hybrid fitness in our study indicates the maintenance of reproductive isolation of parental genotypes. Moreover, the results lead us to propose that an incipient speciation process by distance is currently developing among the three studied subspecies, increasing the differences between them that modify the transmission efficiency of Trypanosoma cruzi to human beings in Mexico.
了解叶形美蠊（Burmeister）某些锥蝽亚种类的生物学参数是评估该类群流行病学重要性的关键第一步。对三种叶形美蠊亚种类[苍白叶形美蠊（Stål）、长翅叶形美蠊（Usinger）和斑纹叶形美蠊（Usinger）]及其实验室杂交后代各龄期的与卵孵化、卵到成虫发育时间、蜕皮所需吸血次数、周期结束时雌性百分比、产卵数以及累积死亡率相关的生物学参数进行了评估和比较。在实验杂交后代（长翅叶形美蠊×苍白叶形美蠊、长翅叶形美蠊×斑纹叶形美蠊、苍白叶形美蠊×斑纹叶形美蠊）及其反交群体之间未记录到显著差异（P>0.05）。在六个研究参数中的五个参数（卵孵化、卵到成虫发育时间、蜕皮所需吸血次数、产卵数和累积死亡率）方面，除了在所有研究群体中获得的不显著的雌性百分比外，每组杂交中的至少一个亲本群体表现出比其杂交后代更好的适合度结果。我们研究中杂交适合度的缺乏表明亲本基因型的生殖隔离得以维持。此外，这些结果使我们提出，目前在三个研究的亚种类之间正在通过地理隔离发生一个初始物种形成过程，这增加了它们之间的差异，从而改变了墨西哥克氏锥虫向人类的传播效率。
