Fluorides and the prevention of dental caries. Part II: The case for water fluoridation.

The evidence is very strong that fluoridation of water, and fluorides in other forms, are the prime reasons for the enormous reduction in decay that has occurred over the past 25-30 years. These advantages must be retained. This can be done most effectively and most economically through a continuation of water fluoridation and the use of fluoride toothpaste. In nonfluoridated areas, professionally applied topical fluorides will continue to be needed, particularly within the School Dental Service, and in those adolescent and adults where the history and clinical picture suggest the individual is at risk. Without fluoride acting to enhance the resistance of the mouth, decay would certainly rise. Although advocacy for a sound diet and the use of fissure sealants is encouraged as part of caries preventive programmes, these alone will not provide adequate protection across the whole community. Fluoridation of public water supplies continues to be endorsed.